Ascaltis reticulum (Schmidt 1862)
- Dataset
- Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis
- Rank
- SPECIES
Classification
- kingdom
- Animalia
- phylum
- Porifera
- class
- Calcarea
- order
- Clathrinida
- family
- Leucascidae
- genus
- Ascaltis
- species
- Ascaltis reticulum
description
Colour White in life and white in ethanol. Description Cormus is composed of regular and tightly anastomosed tubes. Water-collecting tubes are present (Fig. 2 A). As the specimen was fragmented, it was not possible to observe the pseudoatrium. The skeleton is composed of one category of triactines, one of tetractines and diactines. Diactines are organised in tufts of two to five spicules, perpendicularly disposed in the tubes (Fig. 2 B). Triactines are the most abundant spicules. Spicules (Table 2) TRIACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are slightly conical to cylindrical, with sharp tips (Fig. 2 C). Size: 88.2 / 9.5 µm. TETRACTINES. Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are slightly conical to cylindrical, with sharp tips (Fig. 2 D). The apical actine is very thin and shorter than the basal ones. It is cylindrical and blunt, covered by abundant tiny spines (Fig. 2 E). Size: 79.1 / 8.8 µm (basal actine); 41.9 / 3.2 µm (apical actine). DIACTINES. Slightly curved. The tip that protrudes through the surface is lanceolated (Fig. 2 F). Trichoxeas are also present on the surface of the tubes. Size: 106.3 / 4.9 µm. Ecology Specimens were collected on a vertical, shaded hard limestone bottom.
discussion
Remarks Klautau et al. (2013) proposed to transfer this species to the genus Ascaltis based mainly on morphological, but also on molecular data. Although the type species of this genus (A. lamarcki Haeckel, 1870) was not included in the molecular dataset, A. reticulum did not group with any of the included genera (Fig. 16). Besides, morphologically it is more similar to Ascaltis than to any other genus. Therefore, although the classification of A. reticulum in the genus Ascaltis must still be verified regarding the type species of the genus, it was morphologically and molecularly proved that it cannot be included in the genus Clathrina. Hence, we keep the proposition of Klautau et al. (2013) and name this species A. reticulum. This is the first time that spines were observed on the apical actine of the tetractines of A. reticulum. For that reason, we examined the neotype of this species and detected spines as well. They are abundant and very small. We also observed a great variation in the size of the diactines, which are much larger in the neotype (102.0 – 212.2 (± 54.1) – 306.0 / 14.3 (± 5.1) µm).
distribution
Original type locality ADRIATIC SEA: Zara (Croatian: Zadar) and Sebenico (Croatian: Šibenik).
materials_examined
Type specimen FRANCE: Banyuls-sur-Mer, Pyrenées, E. A. Minchin Collection (BMNH 1896.9.15.13, neotype proposed by Klautau & Valentine 2003). Material examined ADRIATIC SEA: near the Island of Čiovo, 43 ° 28 ' 58.5 " N, 16 ° 21 ' 25.6 " E, 5 m, 5 Nov. 2010, collected by B. Pleše and V. Nikolić (PMR- 13739 = UFRJPOR 6870).
Name
- Homonyms
- Ascaltis reticulum (Schmidt 1862)