Diretrizes de citação

Este guia apresenta exemplos comuns de citações feitas por utilizadores do GBIF.

Helophilus pendulus & Cichorium intybus — Sunfly (*Helophilus pendulus*) on Chicory (*Cichorium intybus*) by Donald Hobern. Photo licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Os dados acedidos através da rede GBIF são gratuitos para todos, mas não isentos de obrigações. Sob os termos do contrato de utilizador de dados do GBIF, os utilizadores que transferem conjuntos de dados individuais ou resultados de pesquisa, e os usam em investigação ou políticas, concordam em citar os mesmos utilizando um DOI, ou Identificador Digital de Objeto.

Boas práticas de citação garantem transparência e reprodutibilidade científicas, ao orientar outros investigadores para as fontes originais de informação. Eles também recompensam as instituições publicadoras de dados e os indivíduos, reforçando o valor de partilhar dados abertos e demonstrar seu impacto para as partes interessadas e aos financiadores. Os conjuntos de dados publicados através do GBIF são publicações eletrônicas de dados de autoria e, como tal, devem ser tratados como resultados de pesquisa de primeira classe e correctamente citados.

While all example citations below are formatted in Harvard style, please adapt them to the style format required by your institution, publisher or agency. However, please do include each element of content—most importantly the DOI expressed as a URL.

Citar transferências de dados do GBIF.org

Following a successful download of occurrence data from GBIF.org, the user will be redirected to the download landing page that includes the following information:

Esta citação aparece novamente no e-mail de confirmação enviado ao utilizador registado. Mantenha esta referência perto de si, para que possa citá-la. Details of previous downloads can always be accessed in the registered user's list of downloads. Please contact GBIF if you need help finding a previous download.

A página de transferência fornece um registo que lista todos os conjuntos de dados de contribuição, bem como um snapshot de todos os termos de pesquisa, filtros e facets. Users can quickly update search results from the download page and will also see links to any citations once they are picked up in GBIF's literature tracking programme (for example).

Citing filtered downloads

If you have filtered downloaded data significantly, you can create a derived dataset to cite only the records used in downstream analysis. This requires that you preserve the datasetKey column during filtering steps.

Citing multiple downloads

If you have used multiple downloads, you may not be able to include all citations in the reference list of your article. In this case, we recommend including a supplementary list or addendum of all downloads used. You may also choose to summarize the combined data using a derived dataset. Note that the GBIF download system allows for multiple taxa (up to 100,000) in a single download request.

Citar conjuntos de dados individuais

A maioria das transferências do GBIF.org contém registos de vários conjuntos de dados (como acima), mas em alguns casos, como relatórios internos ou a publicação antecipada de um conjunto de dados para pesquisa, os utilizadores podem querer ou precisar citar um único conjunto de dados, como neste exemplo:

Rivas Pava M D P, Muñoz Lara D G, Ruiz Camayo M A, Fernández Trujillo L F, Muñoz Castro F A, Pérez Muñoz N (2017). Colección Mastozoológica del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad del Cauca. Version 1.1. Universidad del Cauca. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15472/ciasei accessed via GBIF.org on 2020-03-02.

Note, that as datasets may change over time, even single-dataset downloads are assigned new, unique DOIs which should used in citations. If appropriate, this can be done in combination with the original dataset citation, e.g.:

Telenius A, Jonsson C (2017). Molluscs of the Gothenburg Natural History Museum (GNM). GBIF-Sweden. Occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.f14yjv accessed via GBIF.org on 2020-03-02.

### Individual occurrences

If you wish to cite a specific occurrence record, whether based on a specimen or an observation, you can use the suggested citation string shown at the bottom of the occurrence page. For example, this macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) specimen should be cited as:

Bernacci L C (2025). IAC - Herbário do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Version 1.124. Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/w48pii accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-01-01. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1090581569

If you're unable to include both the DOI URL of the dataset and the URL of the occurrence itself, the citation can be changed, for example:

Bernacci L C (2025). Occurrence ID: 1090581569. IAC - Herbário do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Version 1.124. Instituto Agronômico (IAC). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/w48pii accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-01-01.

Note: If you wish to cite several records, we recommend that you create a download of those specific records, giving you a single reference to cite. This can be accomplished through an occurrence search (example), filtering by the GBIF ID of the occurrence records (as specified in the URL, https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/<GBIF ID>). Once all relevant records are included in the search, you can initiate the download to create a single DOI for easy citation.

Página de Espécies

Cada página de espécies inclui uma citação padrão, por exemplo:

GBIF Secretariat: GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei Accessed via https://www.gbif.org/species/5284517 [13 January 2020]

Note: If making assertions about the distribution of a given taxon, consider making a download of occurrences. This will ensure a persistent time-stamped snapshot of data with a DOI that can be cited in the same way as occurrence data downloads.

Derived datasets

Derived datasets are citable records of GBIF-mediated occurrence data derived either from, e.g.:

a GBIF.org download that has been filtered/reduced significantly, or
several downloads combined into a single dataset, or
data accessed in a cloud computing environment, or
data obtained by any means for which no DOI was assigned (e.g. tools relying on the GBIF occurrence search API)

When created, a derived dataset is assigned a unique DOI that can used to cite the data. To create a derived dataset you will need to authenticate using a GBIF.org account and provide a list of the GBIF datasets (by DOI or datasetKey) from which the data originated, ideally with counts of how many records each dataset contributed.

GBIF data accessed using third-party tools (e.g. rgbif, pygbif, spocc, dismo, etc.)

Accessing occurrence data from GBIF in R, Python and other programming languages is fast and easy. It is, however, important to always keep in mind that the citation requirements of the GBIF data user agreement still apply.

For most users, obtaining occcurrence data using the occ_download() function of the rgbif package is strongly recommended as this ensures that downloads are assigned DOIs for easy citation.

Tools returning results directly from the GBIF search API (e.g. spocc, dismo and the occ_data() and occ_search() functions of rgbif) will not assign single DOIs for data downloaded. It is up to the user to identify dataset publishers and properly acknowledge each of them when citing the data.

For data obtained via occurrence search API-based tools, we recommend using a derived dataset as an easy way of obtaining a DOI for citing the data. The rOpenSci documentation site provides instructions on how to cite GBIF-mediated data in rgbif.

Cloud environments

GBIF makes monthly snapshots of occurrence data available for analysis in a number of cloud computing environments:

Users accessing and/or analysing data in such cloud environment should refer to specific instructions provided in the cloud computing repositories. As a minimum, include the DOI of the relevant snapshot (see table) in the citation. For analyses where data are significantly filtered, please track the datasetKeys used and use a derived dataset record for citing the data.

Citing images

Media associated with occurrence records

Images and other media associated with occurrence records may carry their own licences and terms for reuse which should be respected, such as giving attribution to the creator. In addition, we recommend citing media by their parent occurrence record(s), following the guidelines for aggregrated downloads or individual records.

Citing non-data GBIF content

GBIF.org

Aqueles que desejam citar o website do GBIF em geral podem usar o seguinte exemplo:

GBIF.org (ano), GBIF Home Page. Díspopnível em: https://www.gbif.org [13 August 2018].

Conteúdo autoral criado pelo GBIF.org (página da web)

Da mesma forma, os utilizadores podem citar páginas que não são de dados, do portal do GBIF, como por exemplo:

GBIF.org (ano) Diretrizes de citação. Disponível em https://www.gbif.org/citation-guidelines [13 de agosto de 2018].

Nota: esta abordagem não é uma alternativa aceita para a citação de transferência de dados.

GBIF como uma infraestrutura / entidade

Recomendamos que aqueles que desejam citar o GBIF em um contexto mais amplo e geral usem a seguinte citação:

GBIF: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (year) What is GBIF?. Disponível em https://www.gbif.org/what-is-gbif [13 August 2018].

Citing data

Citing images and other media

Citing non-data content