Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822

Key to male Rhamphomyia of the Canadian Arctic Islands, Greenland and Iceland

1 Prosternum clothed entirely with white to brownish silky, hair-like setae (Fig. 3D); sternite 6 with cluster of strong golden setae; sternite 7 with pair of horn-like projections ventrally (Fig. 3C).................... R. (Ctenempis) albopilosa Coquillett

- Prosternum bare; sternite 6 without row of golden setae; sternite 7 unmodified or modified different than above.......... 2

2 Cerci directed anteriorly (Figs 6A, 9C, 12B, 15B) (subgenus Dasyrhamphomyia)................................... 3

- Cerci directed posteriorly............................................................................... 6

3 Thorax short haired (setae shorter than gaps between rows) with acrostichals and dorsocentrals 1–2 serial, with brown vittae beneath rows; cerci with dark apex, with left cercus overlapping right at tip (Figs 12B, C); hind tibia with anteroventral row of dark, stout, spine-like setae shorter than half tibial width.................................. R. (D.) leptidiformis Frey

- Thorax long haired (setae longer than gaps between rows) with acrostichals and dorsocentrals 2–4 serial, without brown vittae beneath rows; cerci not darkened at apex, with right cercus overlapping left at tip (Figs 9D, 15C); hind tibia without anteroventral row of dark, stout, spine-like setae..................................................................... 4

4 Cerci pale, elongate, extending to tergite 3, overlapping subapically in addition to apical overlap (Figs 15B, C)........................................................................................... R. (D.) nigrita Zetterstedt

- Cerci brownish to black, shorter, extending to tergite 5, only overlapping apically (Figs 6A, 9C)....................... 5

5 Dichoptic; abdomen with setae longer than length of abdominal tergites; cerci blackish (Fig. 6A); hind tibia and femur with pronounced fine, pale ventral pubescence (Fig. 6C).................................... R. (D.) erinacioides Malloch

- Holoptic; abdomen with setae shorter than length of abdominal tergites; cerci pale brown (Fig. 9C); hind tibia and femur with long setae beneath (Fig. 9A)...................................................... R. (D.) hovgaardii Holmgren

6 Wing without dm-m crossvein (cell dm open) (Fig. 62C); scutum with shiny vittae................................................................................................. R. (Pararhamphomyia) diversipennis Becker

- Wing with dm-m crossvein (cell dm closed), sometimes dm-m crossvein or M 2 base absent in R. (P.) omissinervis Becker; scutum without shiny vittae............................................................................. 7

7 Cercus with distinctive finger-like projection dorsally near base (Figs 53B, 60A)................................... 8

- Upper margins of cercus without finger-like projections....................................................... 9

8 Large species (wing length more than 5 mm); phallus curvature occurring before folding into epandrium; cercal finger-like projection stout (Fig. 53B); mid tibia with at least 3 preapical anteroventral and posteroventral setae dark, stout, spine-like..................................................................................... R. hirtula Zetterstedt

- Small species (wing length less than 4 mm); phallus curvature hidden within epandrium; cercal finger-like projection slim, short, less than half cercal length (Fig. 60A); mid tibia with 2 anterodorsals and 2 posterodorsals longer than twice tibial width................................................................................ R. setosa Coquillett

9 Tergite 8 long, subequal to length of epandrium (Iceland only) (Fig. 46B).................... R. (P.) simplex Zetterstedt

- Tergite 8 shorter than length of epandrium................................................................ 10

10 Subepandrial sclerite prolonged into pair of medioposterior lobes beneath cerci (Figs 31C, 28A, 25C, 34A, 36C, 38C, 40A).................................................................................................... 11

- Cercus without pair of subepandrial lobes beneath.......................................................... 17

11 Apex of subepandrial lobe forked....................................................................... 12

- Apex of subepandrial lobe unforked..................................................................... 14

12 Phallus stout, looping dorsally above cercus and epandrium; apex of phallus expanded with ridge of teeth-like projections (Figs 28A, B).............................................................................. R. (P.) helleni Frey

- Phallus slender, filamentous apically, extending slightly beyond epandrium; tip of phallus slender, tapered, lacking teeth-like projections......................................................................................... 13

13 Fore tarsomere 1 swollen, slightly broader than width of fore tibia at apex (Fig. 31A); tergite 5 without stout posterolateral setae; subepandrial lobe with outer finger-like process lacking apical seta, longer than inner lobe (Figs 31 C-E)............................................................................................ R. (P.) hilariformis Frey

- Fore tarsomere 1 slender, narrower than width of fore tibia at apex; tergite 5 with several closely set stout posterolateral setae (Fig. 38B); subepandrial lobe with slender, outer finger-like process bearing 1 very long, fine, black seta (Figs 38C, D).................................................... R. (P.) lymaniana Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

14 Phallus not forming loops.............................................................................. 15

- Phallus forming loops................................................................................. 16

15 Hind tibia with some anterodorsal, posterodorsal and dorsal setae more than 2X tibial width (Fig. 25B); apex of subepandrial lobe rounded (Figs 25A, C)............................ R. (P.) frigida Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Hind tibia with anterodorsal, posterodorsal and dorsal setae shorter than 2X tibial width (Fig. 34B); apex of subepandrial lobe pointed (Fig. 34A)....................................................................... R. (P.) hoeli Frey

16 Hind tibia clavate (Fig. 36D); hind tarsomere 1 shorter than length of tarsomeres 2–4 combined (Fig. 36D)............................................................................................ R. (P.) kjellmanii Holmgren

- Hind tibia not clavate (Fig. 40B); hind tarsomere 1 longer than length of tarsomeres 2–4 combined (Fig. 40B)........................................................................................... R. (P.) omissinervis Becker

17 Phallus hidden within epandrium, leaving only base visible (Fig. 17B)................................................................................. R. (Eorhamphomyia) shewelli Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Phallus slim to hair-like, usually extending farther than length of epandrium, and often with curvatures................ 18

18 Phallus with distinct loop on apical half around apex of epandrium (Figs 51C, 57A)............................... 19

- Phallus without loop, gradually curved................................................................... 20

19 Sternite 8 with stout, “horn-like” lateral projections (Fig. 51D); phallus with loop forming acute angle (Fig. 51C); hind tarsomere 1 swollen, wider than hind tibial width at apex (Fig. 51B)................................ R. herschelli Malloch

- Sternite 8 without projections; phallus with small in-ward U-shaped loop (Fig. 57A); hind tarsomere 1 slender (Fig. 56B)........................................................................................ R. laevigata Loew

20 Midleg distinctly modified: femur strongly curved upwards; tibia curved inwards, with 3–5 dark, stout mid-posterodorsal setae longer than 2X tibial width; tarsomere 1 spindle-shaped, covered with dense, erect and moderately long setae (Figs 42A, B)................................................ R. (P.) petervajdai Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Midleg simple....................................................................................... 21

21 Apex of epandrium truncate (Figs 44A, C); hind tibia with distinctive inward bend on apical part; hind tarsomere 1 spindleshaped, convex dorsally but straight ventrally (Fig. 44B)................................................................................................... R. (P.) septentrionalis Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Apex of epandrium rounded; hind tibia straight; hind tarsomere 1 clavate or uniformly slender....................... 22

22 Anepisternum shiny and scutum with 1–2 pairs of shiny vittae; hind tarsomere 1 clavate, increasing in size apically such that apical width broader than hind tibia (Fig. 48B); cerci weakly constricted in middle, posterior half parallel to epandrium (Fig. 48A).......................................................................... R. (P.) ursinella Melander

- Anepisternum pruinose and scutum with pruinescent vittae; hind tarsomere 1 evenly slender, nearly as broad as apical width of hind tibia, (Fig. 25B); cerci strongly constricted in middle, posterior half strongly divergent from epandrium (Fig. 25A)....................................................................... R. (P.) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck

Key to female Rhamphomyia of the Canadian Arctic Islands, Greenland and Iceland

1 Prosternum clothed entirely with white to brownish silky hair-like setae (Fig. 3D)..... R. (Ctenempis) albopilosa Coquillett

- Prosternum bare...................................................................................... 2

2 Hind femur with pennate setae ventrally (Fig. 9B)........................................................... 3

- Hind femur without pennate setae ventrally................................................................. 6

3 Thorax with grey pruinescence, with brown colouration beneath rows of acrostichals and dorsocentral setae.................................................................................... R. (Pararhamphomyia) helleni Frey

- Thorax brown, without brown vittae...................................................................... 4

4 Robust species with darkly infuscate wings; acrostichals multiserial and scutum brown with pair of greyish vittae between acrostichals and dorsocentral setae................................... R. (Dasyrhamphomyia) hovgaardii Holmgren

- Slender species with lightly infuscate wings; acrostichals biserial; scutum shiny.................................... 5

5 Hind tibia with simple setae only (Fig. 51A)............................................... R. herschelli Malloch

- Hind tibia with pennate setae (Fig. 56A)..................................................... R. laevigata Loew

6 Wing with basal costal seta............................................................................. 7

- Wing without basal costal seta.......................................................................... 14

7 Halter yellowish to white............................................................................... 8

- Halter brownish..................................................................................... 10

8 Scutum black subshiny beneath rows of dorsocentral setae; abdominal tergites shiny laterally............................................................... R. (Eorhamphomyia) shewelli Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Scutum and abdominal tergites entirely pruinescent.......................................................... 9

9 Occiput with stout setae; dorsocentral setae multiserial; legs reddish, subshiny................ R. (P.) simplex Zetterstedt

- Occiput without stout setae; dorsocentral setae uniserial; legs pale brown, not shiny................................................................................. R. (P.) lymaniana Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

10 Scutellum with at most 3 pairs of marginal setae............................................................ 11

- Scutellum with more than 3 pairs of marginal setae......................................................... 12

11 Scutum dark brown; hind tibia with numerous anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae longer than width of tibia................................................................................................. R. setosa Coquillett

- Scutum dark, with greyish pruinescence; hind tibia with few dorsal setae, at most as long as width of tibia...................................................................................................... R. (P.) hoeli Frey

12 Thorax and, usually, legs with grey pruinescence............................................................................................................ R. (P.) petervajdai Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Thorax and legs brown, without grey pruinescence.......................................................... 13

13 Hind tarsomere 1 with several long dorsal setae longer than width of tarsomere; anal lobe of wing darker than wing tip....................................................................... R. (P.) filicauda Henriksen & Lundbeck

13 Hind tarsomere 1 without long dorsal setae; anal lobe of wing similar to wing tip.................. R. hirtula Zetterstedt

14 Wing with cell bm greatly elongated with apex almost reaching wing margin, cell dm open and vein M 2 reduced (sometimes some portion present near wing margin); scutal vittae dark and shiny (Fig. 62B).............. R. (P.) diversipennis Becker

- Wing with normal venation; scutal vittae, when present, pruinose.............................................. 15

15 Legs including coxae yellowish to yellowish-brown......................................................... 16

- Legs including coxae dark............................................................................. 17

16 Wing entirely darkly infuscate; scutum with brown vittae beneath rows of acrostichal and dorsocentral setae............................................................................................. R. (D.) leptidiformis Frey

- Wing with infuscation fading toward wing base (Fig. 62D); scutum uniformly greyish pruinose........................................................................................................ R. (P.) hilariformis Frey

17 Anepisternum shiny; scutum with 1–2 pairs of shiny vittae between rows of acrostichals and dorsocentral setae......................................................................................... R. (P.) ursinella Melander

- Anepisternum pruinose; scutum with or without shiny vittae.................................................. 18

18 Coxae with stout, stiff setae............................................................................ 19

- Coxae with thin setae................................................................................. 21

19 Wing darkly infuscate............................................................. R. (P.) omissinervis Becker

- Wing faintly infuscate................................................................................ 20

20 Hind tibia with ventral setae nearly subequal in length to width of tibia..................... R. (P.) kjellmanii Holmgren

- Hind tibia with ventral setae at most half-length of tibia width..................................................................................................... R. (P.) frigida Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

21 Scutum with pair of shiny vittae between rows of acrostichals and dorsocentral setae and broad shiny supra-alar vitta................................................... R. (P.) septentrionalis Sinclair, Vajda, Saigusa & Shamshev sp. nov.

- Scutum entirely pruinescent, with slightly prominent brownish vittae along rows of acrostichals and dorsocentral setae... 22

22 Smaller, about 5 mm; darker, scutum almost uniformly dark brown, legs robust; halter brown....................................................................................................... R. (D.) erinacioides Malloch

– Larger, 6–7 mm; more greyish, scutal vittae quite distinct, legs slender; halter pale yellow........ R. (D.) nigrita Zetterstedt

Key to species of Rhamphomyia of the Middle East and adjacent territories

Note: “additional characters” are included to distinguish from other species eventually found occurring in the target area.

1 Acrostichal setae absent................................................................................ 2

- Acrostichal setae present.............................................................................. 8

2 (1) One long seta in posteroapical comb on hind tibia. Fore femur without spine-like anterior setae. Anal vein complete (Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2012, figs 5, 6).................. R. (Holoclera) subvariabilis Barták & Kubík

- Seta in posteroapical comb on hind tibia very short or absent. Fore femur with row (often irregular) of short spine-like anterior setae. Anal vein incomplete............................................................................ 3

3 (2) Dorsocentral setae 2–3 serial (Israel; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 8–10)..................................................................................................... R. (Holoclera) biserialis Collin

- Dorsocentral setae uniserial............................................................................ 4

4 (3) Males [unknown male of R. (Holoclera) sp. 1 may belong here, probably with lustrous mesoscutum].................. 5

- Females............................................................................................ 6

5 (4) Cercus long, exceeding epandrium, with very long setae dorsally (South Mediterranean: from Canary Islands, across North Africa, Cyprus, Israel to Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 6, 7)...................................................................................................... R. (Holoclera) tenuipes Becker (♂)

- Cercus shorter than epandrium, with short setae. (Additional characters: cercus deeply concave; both epandrium and hypan- drium with short setae) (Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, fig. 8)............ R. (Holoclera) sp. 2 (♂)

6 (5) Mesoscutum lustrous, with two narrow microtrichose stripes below dorsocentrals and somewhat broader median stripe. Abdominal segments 2–5 almost without microtrichosity. (Additional characters: supra-alar seta absent, fore coxa yellow) (Turkey)......................................................................... R. (Holoclera) sp. 1 (♀)

- Mesoscutum uniformly microtrichose. Abdominal segments 2–5 at least partly microtrichose........................ 7

7 (6) Hind femur without long anteroventral seta. Anterior spines on fore femur shorter than 0.02 mm... R. (Holoclera) sp. 2 (♀)

- Hind femur with or without long preapical anteroventral seta. Anterior spines on fore femur up to 0.03 mm............................................................................................. R. (Holoclera) tenuipes (♀)

8 (1) Prosternum with setae................................................................................ 9

- Prosternum without setae............................................................................. 14

9 (8) Labrum very long, at least 1.5 X longer than height of head. Male genitalia of R. tibialis type. (Additional characters: male tergites 6–7 at least partly polished, rest of abdomen pruinose. Female mid femur on both sides and mid tibia, hind femur and hind tibia dorsally with short pennate ciliation) (Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2008, figs 1, 2).................................................................................. R. (s. str.) bohousi Barták & Kubík

- Labrum shorter. Genitalia of different shape.............................................................. 10

10 (9) Males............................................................................................ 11

- Females (females of R. teberdana unknown). (Additional characters: abdominal tergite 3 almost bare, at most with minute set- ulae)............................................................................................. 13

11 (10) Cercus without rounded processes when viewed posteriorly. Abdomen entirely microtrichose (Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Syrovátka 1983, fig. 11)........................................... R. (s. str.) teberdana Barták (♂)

- Cercus with two rounded processes when viewed posteriorly. At least abdominal tergite 3 lustrous up to extreme lateral margin.................................................................................................. 12

12 (11) Both processes of cercus equal in size and shape (Palaearctic; genitalia illustrated by Barták 1982, fig. 1g)........................................................................................... R. (s. str.) sulcata Meigen (♂)

- Both processes of cercus unequal, the lower one smaller than the upper one (Western Palaearctic; genitalia illustrated by Bar- ták 1982, fig. 1 f – as R. sulcatina)........................................... R. (s. str.) trilineata Zetterstedt (♂)

13 (10) Acrostichals almost regularly biserial. Hind tibia not swollen or dilated (oval in cross-section)..... R. (s. str.) trilineata (♀)

- Acrostichals multiserial. Hind tibia distinctly swollen and dilated (biconcave in cross-section)....... R. (s. str.) sulcata (♀)

14 (8) Propleural depression setose; axillary angle acute (less than 70 °); anal vein complete. All species with more than biserial acros- tichals belong here as well as all species without costal seta.................................................. 15

- At least one of the three characters above different. Acrostichals always regularly biserial, costal seta always at least 2 X longer than costal ciliation. All species with body at least partly pale (white to brownish-yellow) setose belong here........... 29

15 (14) Halter dark (brown to black).......................................................................... 16

- Halter yellow...................................................................................... 19

16 (15) Costa seta absent................................................................................... 17

- Costal seta long (♀ of R. hermonensis unknown).......................................................... 18

17 (16) Male palpus very long with extremely long setae. Female abdomen brown.................. R. (s. str.) soukupi sp. nov.

- Male palpus short and short setose. Female abdominal tergites 3–6 silvery-grey (temperate and southern parts of Western Palaearctic; genitalia illustrated by Barták 1982, fig. 3 c).............................. R. (s. str.) argentata von Röder

18 (16) Abdomen sublustrous. Mid femur along its length and hind femur in apical half with very short anteroventral setae, about half as long as width of femur; mid tibia lustrous dorsally (Israel; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 4–5).......................................................................... R. (s. str.) hermonensis Barták & Kubík

- Abdomen microtrichose. Both middle and hind femora with anteroventral setae at least as long as width of femur; mid tibia microtrichose dorsally (Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Syrovátka 1983, fig. 13)... R. (s. str.) azauensis Barták

19 (15) Male............................................................................................. 20

- Female (females of R. iranica, R. dombai, and R. caucasica unknown)......................................... 26

20 (19) Hind femur without strong setae ventrally. Cercus with submedian rounded process (Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták et al. 2007, figs 1–4).................................................. R. (s. str.) karamanensis Barták et al. (♂)

- Hind femur with strong setae ventrally at least on basal third of femur. Cercus without submedian process............. 21

21 (20) Phallus broadened apically (Israel; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 1–3)............................................................................................... R. (s. str.) furmani Barták & Kubík (♂)

- Phallus narrow apically.............................................................................. 22

22 (21) Abdomen silvery-grey (Caucasus)................................................ R. (s. str.) caucasica Frey (♂)

- Abdomen brown to black.............................................................................. 23

23 (22) Cercus narrow, about twice as long as wide and much narrower than epandrium (Iran; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2008, figs 6, 7)....................................................... R. (s. str.) iranica Barták & Kubík (♂)

- Cercus at least as wide as long and at least as wide as epandrium............................................. 24

24 (23) Hind tibia with distinct “knee”. Hind femur slightly swollen, 2 X broader than hind tibia (Turkey)................................................................................................ R. (s. str.) academica sp. nov. (♂)

- Hind tibia without “knee”. Hind femur not swollen........................................................ 25

25 (24) Hind femur lustrous anteriorly. Hypandrium narrowed apically (Temperate and South parts of Western Palaearctic; genitalia illustrated by Barták 1982, fig. 3 a)................................................ R. (s. str.) tibialis Meigen (♂)

- Hind femur microtrichose anteriorly. Hypandrium slightly broadened apically (Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Syrovátka 1983, fig. 14)........................................................ R. (s. str.) dombai Barták (♂)

26 (19) Hind femur swollen and flattened, with dense short subpennate ciliation dorsally........... R. (s. str.) tibialis Meigen (♀)

- Hind femur not swollen, with ordinary setae dorsally....................................................... 27

27 (26) Hind femur without strong setae ventrally........................................... R. (s. str.) karamanensis (♀)

- Hind femur with strong setae ventrally.................................................................. 28

28 (27) Mid tibia with distinct “knee”. Larger species (wing length more than 5.5 mm)................ R. (s. str.) academica (♀)

- Mid tibia without “knee”. Smaller species (wing length about 3 mm).......................... R. (s. str.) furmani (♀)

29 (14) Male cercus trilobate; eyes separated on frons. Female: cell dm elongated to wing margin or wing with dark spots (female of R. tuberifemur and R. kovalevi unknown).................................................................. 30

- Male cercus simple; eyes separated or meet on frons. Female: cell dm not elongated and wing without dark spots....... 36

30 (29) Male. (Additional character: dorsal lobe of cercus forms an expansion protruding anteriorly above abdomen, covering at least the last tergite)..................................................................................... 31

- Female........................................................................................... 35

31 (30) Phallus forms 1–2 outgoing loops...................................................................... 32

- Phallus without outgoing loops........................................................................ 34

32 (31) Phallus forms single loop (female unknown) (Turkey)................................... R. (Megacyttarus) sp. 3 ♂

- Phallus forms two loops.............................................................................. 33

33 (32) Mid basitarsus with short setae dorsally (Europe, Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták 1982, fig. 5 b)................................................................................... R. (Megacyttarus) crassirostris (Fallén) (♂)

- Mid basitarsus with 3–5 setae dorsally at least as long as basitarsus (Europe, Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Collin 1961, figs 114, 115)..................................................... R. (Megacyttarus) maculipennis Zetterstedt (♂)

34 (31) Face narrow (0.04 mm at midlength), narrower than front ocellus. Both laterotergite and abdomen dark setose (Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták 2004, figs 1 a–d)................................ R. (Megacyttarus) kovalevi Barták (♂)

- Face broader (at least 0.10 mm at midlength). Both abdomen and laterotergite at least partly pale setose. (Additional characters: apical part of hind tibia with dorsal setae which are about 3 / 4 as long as the length of hind basitarsus. Ventral setae on hind basitarsus shorter than its diameter. Basitarsus of mid leg short setose dorsally) (Georgia; genitalia illustrated by Barták 2004, figs 3 a–d)........................................................ R. (Megacyttarus) tuberifemur Barták (♂)

35 (30) Cell dm not elongated to wing margin; wing with two dark spots................... R. (Megacyttarus) maculipennis (♀)

- Cell dm elongated nearly to wing margin; wing without dark spots.................. R. (Megacyttarus) crassirostris (♀)

36 (29) Mesoscutum lustrous, devoid of microtrichosity. (Additional characters: occiput entirely microtrichose, cercus narrower than epandrium) (Temperate and South Europe, Caucasus; genitalia illustrated by Barták 1985, fig 10 b)................................................................... R. (Lundstroemiella) kerteszi Oldenberg

- Mesoscutum microtrichose........................................................................... 37

37 (36) Body entirely black setose. (Additional characters: phallus broadened apically as in species of R. albosegmentata -group) (Caucasus, female unknown; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Syrovátka 1983, figs 12, 15)..... R. (s. str.) drahomirae Barták

- Body at least partly pale (whitish-yellow) setose........................................................... 38

38 (37) Hind basitarsus narrow. Male eyes contiguous on frons (Israel, Turkey; genitalia illustrated by Barták & Kubík 2009, figs 11, 12)................................................................. R. (Pararhamphomyia) intersita Collin

- Hind basitarsus swollen. Male eyes separated on frons (Turkey)................ R. (Lundstroemiella) cimrmani Barták