Big Island Invasive Species Committee - Pest Reports - 2005-2010

Study Extent

Terrestrial locations on the Big Island of Hawaii.

Sampling

Sampling may be aerial, ground, roadside, or with binoculars.

Quality Control

Various quality control documentation have been run on the current dataset. See: ISC_Spatial_Data_Troubleshooting.doc

Method steps

1. Area treated by chemical or manual means when controlling pest populations as determined by the NAWMA standard of “1/10,000th of an acre is equivalent to approximately one plant.”
2. Groups collecting the data fall into one of the following: BIISC Big Island Invasive Species Committee KISC Kaui Invasive Species Committee MISC Maui Invasive Species Committee MoMISC Molokai-Maui Invasive Species Committee OISC Oahu Invasive Species Committee
3. Treatment type has the following permitted values: Pull Manual treatment by hand pulling. Cut Manual treatment by saw, chainsaw or chopping. Flower / Seed Removal Manual treatment by removing flower or seeds. Cut Stump Chemical treatment by applying herbicide to stump surface using a squirt bottle. Basal Bark Chemical treatment by applying herbicide to the bark of stem using a low pressure and a solid cone or flat fan nozzle. The plant should be sprayed from ground level to about 18 inches high. Basal Thinline Chemical treatment by applying herbicide to the base of bark in a contiguous thin line. Thinline Chemical treatment by applying herbicide to the main stem (not on base of bark) in a contiguous thin line. Drizzle Chemical treatment by applying using a fine jet-stream which breaks up into large, sparsely distributed droplets that that drizzle on the plants. Foliar Chemical treatment by applying herbicide to all foliar surfaces using a sprayer from the ground or a helicopter. Girdle Chemical treatment by using a machete or chainsaw to cut a 3 - 5 inch wide continuous ring around the tree trunk below the lowest branch and applying herbicide. Cut through the bark and deep enough to penetrate the cambium. Notch Chemical treatment by making cuts in the base of the main stem at varying distances and applying herbicide. Cuts do not connect. Frill Chemical treatment by making small cuts at base of the main stem and applying herbicide. Cuts must completely penetrate cambium layer and must make a connecting ring around base of tree. EZ-JECT Chemical treatment by using EZ-JECT device (.22 gun shells with herbicide and agar). Drill Chemical treatment by drilling holes into base of main stem and applying herbicide. Drench Chemical treatment by using a hose and gun to apply chemical in liquid form. Hand Capture Collect by hand or with tools (vertebrates). Flower / Seed Removal & Pull Manual treatment by removing flower or seeds and hand pulling. Pull & Spray Hand pulling and spray treating root system. Flower / Seed Removal & Spray Removing flower or seeds and spray treating plant. Flower / Seed Removal & Basal Bark Removing flower or seeds and using Basal Bark chemical treatment methods. Flower / Seed Removal & Foliar – Ground Removing flower or seeds and using Foliar - Ground chemical treatment methods.
4. The Area Treated multiplier approximately represents the estimated ground cover per individual plant. Establishing these values does not preclude the ISCs from generating Area Treated using the more preferred methods. The table below documents the standard multipliers of the species in common. Formula: (# Individuals Treated) x (Multiplier) = Estimated Area Treated Target Species in Common Multiplier ISCs giant reed
   (Arundo donax) 0.09 square meters KISC, MISC, MoMISC smoke bush, butterfly bush (Buddleia madagascariensis) N/A - derive value from polygon of Area Treated BIISC, OISC ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) 0.09 square meters KISC, MISC pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata) 0.09 square meters KISC, MISC, MoMISC, OISC rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) N/A - derive value from polygon of Area Treated BIISC, MISC, MoMISC miconia (Miconia calvescens) Adults = 7 square meters Sapling = 1 square meter Seedling = 0.15 square meters BIISC, KISC, MISC, OISC fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) 0.25 square meters BIISC, KISC, MISC, MoMISC, OISC Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) Mature = 0.18 square meters Immature = 0.09 square meters BIISC, OISC fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) 0.09 square meters KISC, OISC
5. Current reporting standards require that number of Individuals Treated be classified into “Mature” and “Immature” categories. The criteria used to classify species in common must be standard and consistent across all ISCs.
   giant reed (Arundo donax) Mature Criteria: Giant reed will always be considered mature due to its ability to reproduce by rhizomes. Seed heads may or may not be present. Data collection may note whether seed heads are present as there is a possibility that it can reproduce by wind-dispersed seeds, but plants are not commonly propagated in this fashion Immature Criteria: N/A ISCs: KISC, MISC, MoMISC smoke bush, butterfly bush (Buddleia madagascariensis) Mature Criteria: Smoke bush will be considered mature if fruits, flowers or spent fruits or flowers are present.
   Immature Criteria: No fruits, flowers or spent fruits or flowers present.
   ISCs: BIISC, OISC ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis) Mature Criteria: Ivy gourd will be considered mature if fruits or flowers are present.
   Immature Criteria: No fruits or flowers present.
   ISCs: KISC, MISC pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata) Mature Criteria: Pampas grass will be considered mature if flowers or seeds are present.
   Immature Criteria: No flowers or seeds present. ISCs: KISC, MISC, MoMISC, OISC rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) Mature Criteria: Rubber vine will be considered mature if flowers, fruits, seeds, or secondary branching are present, or if it is >= 1.5 meters in height. Immature Criteria: No flowers, fruits, seeds, and secondary branching present, or if it is <= 1.5 meters in height. ISCs: BIISC, MISC, MoMISC miconia (Miconia calvescens) Mature Criteria: Miconia will be considered mature if flowers, fruits, or secondary branching are present. Immature Criteria: No flowers, fruits, and secondary branching present. ISCs: BIISC, KISC, MISC, OISC fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) Mature Criteria: Fountain grass will be considered mature if flowers, seed heads or spent seed heads or stalks are present. Immature Criteria: No flowers, seed heads or spent seed heads are present. ISCs: BIISC, KISC, MISC, MoMISC, OISC Himalayan blackberry (Rubus discolor) Mature Criteria: Himalayan blackberry will be considered mature if fruits, flowers, or spent fruits or flowers are present, or if the plant is > 1 meter in height. Immature Criteria: No fruits, flowers, or spent fruits or flowers present, and if it is < 1 meter in height. ISCs: BIISC, OISC fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) Mature Criteria: Fireweed will be considered mature if flowers, seed heads, or spent seed heads are present.
   Immature Criteria: No flowers, seed heads and spent seed heads present. ISCs: KISC, OISC

Non-native plants and other non-native pest species (e.g. the coqui frog).

1. Bocconia frutescens
   rank: species
2. Parkinsonia aculeata
   rank: species
3. Clidemia hirta
   rank: species
4. Paulownia tomentosa
   rank: species
5. Pennisetum setaceum
   rank: species
6. Alstonia Macrophylla
   rank: species
7. Cortaderia jubata
   rank: species
8. Plectranthus amboinicus
   rank: species
9. Bryophyllum daigremontianum
   rank: species
10. Rauvolfia vomitoria
    rank: species
11. Jasminum polyanthum
    rank: species
12. Rosa laevigata
    rank: species
13. Ulex europaeus
    rank: species
14. Rhizophora mangle
    rank: species
15. Tithonia diversifolia
    rank: species
16. Eleutherodactylus coqui
    rank: species
17. Buddleja madagascariensis
    rank: species
18. Cryptostegia madagascariensis
    rank: species
19. Morella cerifera
    rank: species
20. Miconia calvescens
    rank: species
21. Sphaeropteris cooperi
    rank: species

Big Island, Hawaii.