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Checklist of Freshwater Non Native Species of Spain

Dataset homepage

Citation

Sevilla-Navarro A, Gallardo B (2026). Checklist of Freshwater Non Native Species of Spain. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC). Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15470/dhqmom accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-06-04.

Description

The checklist of Checklist of Freshwater Non Native Species of Spain obtained was derived from the Global Dataset of Freshwater Introduced Alien Species (Sevilla-Navarro, A., Medina, A., & Gallardo, B. (2026). FRIAS: Global Dataset of Freshwater Introduced Alien Species [Data set] (Version 1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18270334). And was generated using the checklist recipe of Reyserhove et al. (2020), developed for the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) call for Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks (BRAIN) (BR/165/A1/TrIAS) and further refined by the OneBiosecurity Systems and Technology for People, Places and Pathways (OneSTOP) project which receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme (ID No 101180559).

Sampling Description

Study Extent

All taxonomic invasive and alien species on freshwater ecosystems in Spain with ar least one record in scientific collections or databases (1500-2026)

Sampling

The database of freshwater alien species in Spain obtained was derived from the original Global Dataset of Freshwater Invasive and Alien Species (Sevilla-Navarro A, Medina A, Gallardo B (2026). Global Dataset of Freshwater Invasive and Alien Species. Version 2.0. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC). Checklist dataset. https://doi.org/10.15470/aohgml). In order to ensure geographical consistency a filtering and selection process was applied, and specifically, this dataset is a subset of that by retaining only those databases with global, european, and spanish coverage.

Method steps

  1. Data acquistion was conducted by a multi-step systematic screening of data sources. Including extraction of records from a variety of institutional and online databases; a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature, and inclusion of technical reports about invasive and alien species After that, was executed a standardization, harmonization and cleaning with FRIAS workflow (Sevilla-Navarro, A., Medina, A., & Gallardo, B. (2026). FRIAS: Global Dataset of Freshwater Introduced Alien Species [Data set] (Version 1) Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18270334.) to obtain a subset of Spain.

Taxonomic Coverages

  1. Marchantiophyta
    rank: phylum
  2. Arthropoda
    rank: phylum
  3. Euhirudinea
    rank: order
  4. Limnomedusae
    rank: order
  5. Amphipoda
    rank: order
  6. Cucurbitales
    rank: order
  7. Calanoida
    rank: order
  8. Asterales
    rank: order
  9. Chromista
    rank: kingdom
  10. Clitellata
    rank: class
  11. Gasterosteiformes
    rank: order
  12. Cymbellales
    rank: order
  13. Unionida
    rank: order
  14. Poales
    rank: order
  15. Polychaeta
    rank: class
  16. Podocopida
    rank: order
  17. Myida
    rank: order
  18. Fungi
    rank: kingdom
  19. Aves
    rank: class
  20. Thalassiosirales
    rank: order
  21. Carnivora
    rank: order
  22. Plumatellida
    rank: order
  23. Acipenseriformes
    rank: order
  24. Centrarchiformes
    rank: order
  25. Commelinales
    rank: order
  26. Brassicales
    rank: order
  27. Anostraca
    rank: order
  28. Oomycota
    rank: phylum
  29. Maxillopoda
    rank: class
  30. Amphibia
    rank: class
  31. Gastropoda
    rank: class
  32. Cichliformes
    rank: order
  33. Mollusca
    rank: phylum
  34. Demospongiae
    rank: class
  35. Monogenea
    rank: class
  36. Diptera
    rank: order
  37. Tracheophyta
    rank: phylum
  38. Ostreida
    rank: order
  39. Cycloneritida
    rank: order
  40. Neogastropoda
    rank: order
  41. Architaenioglossa
    rank: order
  42. Eurotatoria
    rank: class
  43. Bacillariales
    rank: order
  44. Scorpaeniformes
    rank: order
  45. Animalia
    rank: kingdom
  46. Phoenicopteriformes
    rank: order
  47. Alismatales
    rank: order
  48. Magnoliopsida
    rank: class
  49. Gyrodactylidea
    rank: order
  50. Esociformes
    rank: order
  51. Venerida
    rank: order
  52. Spongillida
    rank: order
  53. Littorinimorpha
    rank: order
  54. Asparagales
    rank: order
  55. Actinopterygii
    rank: class
  56. Rhabditida
    rank: order
  57. Zingiberales
    rank: order
  58. Cyprinodontiformes
    rank: order
  59. Siluriformes
    rank: order
  60. Notostraca
    rank: order
  61. Insecta
    rank: class
  62. Gymnolaemata
    rank: class
  63. Diplostomida
    rank: order
  64. Platyhelminthes
    rank: phylum
  65. Cypriniformes
    rank: order
  66. Dactylogyridea
    rank: order
  67. Copepoda
    rank: class
  68. Bothriocephalidea
    rank: order
  69. Marchantiales
    rank: order
  70. Psittaciformes
    rank: order
  71. Saprolegniales
    rank: order
  72. Equisetales
    rank: order
  73. Fabales
    rank: order
  74. Diplostraca
    rank: order
  75. Polystomatidea
    rank: order
  76. Bacillariophyceae
    rank: class
  77. Arguloida
    rank: order
  78. Malacostraca
    rank: class
  79. Apiales
    rank: order
  80. Bryozoa
    rank: phylum
  81. Hydrozoa
    rank: class
  82. Ostracoda
    rank: class
  83. Decapoda
    rank: order
  84. Trematoda
    rank: class
  85. Rotifera
    rank: phylum
  86. Anseriformes
    rank: order
  87. Solanales
    rank: order
  88. Passeriformes
    rank: order
  89. Pelecaniformes
    rank: order
  90. Annelida
    rank: phylum
  91. Polypodiopsida
    rank: class
  92. Florideophyceae
    rank: class
  93. Malpighiales
    rank: order
  94. Carangaria/misc
    rank: order
  95. Marchantiopsida
    rank: class
  96. Chordata
    rank: phylum
  97. Liliopsida
    rank: class
  98. Rhodophyta
    rank: phylum
  99. Acorales
    rank: order
  100. Ceramiales
    rank: order
  101. Bivalvia
    rank: class
  102. Lamiales
    rank: order
  103. Rhynchobdellida
    rank: order
  104. Caryophyllales
    rank: order
  105. Salmoniformes
    rank: order
  106. Mammalia
    rank: class
  107. Anthoathecata
    rank: order
  108. Phylactolaemata
    rank: class
  109. Testudines
    rank: class
  110. Sabellida
    rank: order
  111. Tricladida
    rank: order
  112. Tubificida
    rank: order
  113. Squamata
    rank: class
  114. Rhabditophora
    rank: class
  115. Gobiiformes
    rank: order
  116. Peronosporea
    rank: class
  117. Chromadorea
    rank: class
  118. Mysida
    rank: order
  119. Porifera
    rank: phylum
  120. Syngnathiformes
    rank: order
  121. Ploima
    rank: order
  122. Plantae
    rank: kingdom
  123. Perciformes
    rank: order
  124. Characiformes
    rank: order
  125. Plagiorchiida
    rank: order
  126. Anura
    rank: order
  127. Chytridiomycetes
    rank: class
  128. Ranunculales
    rank: order
  129. Ciconiiformes
    rank: order
  130. Ceratophyllales
    rank: order
  131. Myrtales
    rank: order
  132. Nematoda
    rank: phylum
  133. NA
    rank: order
  134. Anabantiformes
    rank: order
  135. Coleoptera
    rank: order
  136. Nymphaeales
    rank: order
  137. Sessilia
    rank: order
  138. Cyprinodontiformers
    rank: order
  139. Theocostraca
    rank: class
  140. Proteales
    rank: order
  141. Podicipediformes
    rank: order
  142. Branchiobdellida
    rank: order
  143. Rhizophydiales
    rank: order
  144. Saxifragales
    rank: order
  145. Rodentia
    rank: order
  146. Cestoda
    rank: class
  147. Ochrophyta
    rank: phylum
  148. Chytridiomycota
    rank: phylum
  149. Cyclopoida
    rank: order
  150. Ctenostomatida
    rank: order
  151. Branchiopoda
    rank: class
  152. Caudata
    rank: order
  153. Isopoda
    rank: order
  154. Cnidaria
    rank: phylum
  155. Teleostei
    rank: class
  156. Salviniales
    rank: order

Geographic Coverages

Spain

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Pagad, S., Bisset, S., Genovesi, P. et al. Country Compendium of the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species. Sci Data 9, 391 (2022). - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01514-z
  2. Tsiamis K, Cardoso AC, Gervasini E (2017) The European Alien Species Information Network on the Convention on Biological Diversity pathways categorization. NeoBiota 32: 21-29. - https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.32.9429
  3. Tedesco, P., Beauchard, O., Bigorne, R. et al. A global database on freshwater fish species occurrence in drainage basins. Sci Data 4, 170141 (2017). - https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.141
  4. Randall, R.P. (2012) A Global Compendium of Weeds. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 p. - http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf
  5. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The National Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database. - https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20123100 (2012).
  6. Van Kleunen, M. et al. The Global Naturalized Alien Flora (Glo NAF ) database. Ecology 100, e02542 (2019). - https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2542
  7. Saffer, A., Worm, T., Takeuchi, Y. & Meentemeyer, R. GIATAR: a Spatio-temporal Dataset of Global Invasive and Alien Species and their Traits. Sci. Data 11, 991 (2024). - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03824-w
  8. Jiménez RR, Smith KG, Brooks TM, Scalera R, Mair L, Nunes AL, Costello KE, Macfarlane NBW (2025) Guiding action on invasive alien species towards meeting the EU's Biodiversity Strategy for 2030. NeoBiota 99: 109-129. - https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.99.148323
  9. Schmidt-Kloiber, A. & Hering, D. www.freshwaterecology.info – An online tool that unifies, standardises and codifies more than 20,000 European freshwater organisms and their ecological preferences. Ecol. Indic. 53, 271–282 (2015). - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.02.007.
  10. AquaNIS Editorial Board, [2025]. Information system on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species. World Wide Web electronic publication. - https://aquanisresearch.com/index.php/aquanis/species/open/page/ALL.
  11. CABI, [2025]. CABI Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. - www.cabi.org/compendium (Accessed: [26 January 2026]).
  12. Welcomme, R. L. International introductions of inland aquatic species. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 294, 318 p. (FAO, Rome, 1988). - https://www.fao.org/4/x5628e/x5628e00.htm
  13. Boettiger, C. et al. rfishbase: R Interface to ‘FishBase’. (2025). - 10.32614/CRAN.package.rfishbase
  14. Gómez-Suárez, M., Laeseke, P. & Seebens, H. A global dataset of native and alien distributions of alien species. Sci. Data 12, 1914 (2025). - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06379-6
  15. Invasive Species Specialist Group ISSG 2015. GISD. - https://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/index.php.
  16. Bailey, S. et al. Primary detection records for aquatic nonindigenous species in global estuarine and marine ecosystems and the Great Lakes (2021). - https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.MSBCC2FWK
  17. Bacher, S. et al. Global Impacts Dataset of Invasive Alien Species (GIDIAS) (2025). - https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.27908838.V1
  18. Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO). Catálogo Español de Especies Exóticas Invasoras. MITECO – Biodiversidad, Conservación de especies - https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/conservacion-de-especies/especies-exoticas-invasoras/ce-eei-catalogo.html.
  19. Capinha C, Seebens H, Cassey P, et al. Diversity, biogeography and the global flows of alien amphibians and reptiles. Divers Distrib. 2017;23:1313–1322. - https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12617
  20. US.DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Invasive Species Profiles List | National Invasive Species Information Center. - https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/species-profiles-list.
  21. García-Berthou, E. InvasIBER2: Especies exóticas invasoras de la Península Ibérica (2004) - https://invasiber2.org/presentacion.php
  22. Kortz A, Hejda M, Čuda J, Pattison Z, Brůna J, Novoa A, Pergl J, Pipek P, Štajerová K, Anastasiu P, Ansong M, Arianoutsou M, Barcelona JF, Bhatta S, Bordbar F, Borokini I, Celesti-Grapow L, Chacón-Madrigal E, Dawson W, Dorjee, Essl F, Ferrufino-Acosta L, Figueiredo E, Flores R, Fried G, Fuentes N, Galán P, Gilli C, Glaser M, Grande Allende JR, Gudžinskas Z, Holmes R, Hulme PE, Inderjit, Kang ES, Kreft H, Krix DW, Kühn I, Lopez O, MacVean A, Makhkamov T, Marchante E, Marchante H, Maroyi A, Meddour R, Meerts P, Mukul SA, Murray BR, Murray ML, Nickrent DL, Norman PE, Omer A, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Pino J, Riera M, Rodríguez Delcid D, Rojas-Sandoval J, Rotchés-Ribalta R, Ruiz-Cruz JYS, Senator S, Sennikov AN, Shrestha BB, Smith GF, Sohrabi S, Tokarska-Guzik B, van Kleunen M, Vilà M, Wagner V, Weigelt P, Winter M, Yazlık A, Zykova E, Pyšek P (2025) A global synthesis of naturalised and invasive plants in aquatic habitats. In: Anastácio P, Ribeiro F, Chainho P (Eds) Invasions in Aquatic Systems. NeoBiota 102: 473-494 - https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.102.151156
  23. Mahapatra, B. B., Das, N. K., Jadhav, A., Roy, A. & Aravind, N. A. Global freshwater mollusc invasion: pathways, potential distribution, and niche shift. Hydrobiologia 852, 1431–1450 (2025). - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05299-z
  24. Nicolosi, G., Mammola, S., Verbrugge, L. & Isaia, M. Aliens in caves: the global dimension of biological invasions in subterranean ecosystems. Biol. Rev. 98, 849–867 (2023). - https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12933
  25. Ion, M. C. et al. World of CrayfishTM: a web platform towards real-time global mapping of freshwater crayfish and their pathogens. PeerJ 12, e18229 (2024). - https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18229
  26. Zenetos, A. ELNAIS: A collaborative network on Aquatic Alien Species in Hellas (Greece). Manag. Biol. Invasions 6, 185–196 (2015). - http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.2.09
  27. Clarke, D. A. & McGeoch, M. A. Invasive alien insects represent a clear but variable threat to biodiversity. Curr. Res. Insect Sci. 4, 100065 (2023). - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cris.2023.100065
  28. Tedeschi L, Biancolini D, Capinha C, Rondinini C, Essl F. Introduction, spread, and impacts of invasive alien mammal species in Europe. Mamm Rev. 2022 Apr;52(2):252-266. doi: 10.1111/mam.12277. Epub 2021 Nov 23. PMID: 35875182; PMCID: PMC9299096. - https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12277
  29. Lüskow, Florian; Bezio, Nicholas; Caputo, Luciano; Chi, Xupeng; Dumont, Henri J; Karunarathne, Krishan D; López-González, Pablo José; Mańko, Maciej K; Marchessaux, Guillaume; Suzuki, Kentaro S; Pakhomov, Evgeny A (2023): Global literature database for freshwater jellyfish research between 1880 and 2023 [dataset]. PANGAEA - https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.962186
  30. Di Lernia D, Pinzani L, Ceschin S (2025) Critical review of the literature on key invasive alien freshwater plants in Europe with special focus on their impact on the invaded ecosystems. In: Anastácio P, Ribeiro F, Chainho P (Eds) Invasions in Aquatic Systems. NeoBiota 102: 441-472. - https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.102.146280
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Contacts

Alba Sevilla-Navarro
originator
position: Técnico Informática y Estadística
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)
Zaragoza
50015
Zaragoza
ES
email: albasevillanavarro@ipe.csic.es
homepage: https://github.com/AlbaSevilla
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0652-7401
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=alba-sevilla-navarro/
Belinda Gallardo
originator
position: Científica Titular
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC)
Zaragoza
50015
Zaragoza
ES
email: belinda@ipe.csic.es
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-8233
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=belinda-gallardo/
Alba Sevilla-Navarro
metadata author
position: Técnico Informática y Estadística
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
Zaragoza
50015
Zaragoza
ES
email: albasevillanavarro@ipe.csic.es
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0652-7401
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=alba-sevilla-navarro/
Belinda Gallardo
administrative point of contact
position: Científica Titular
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
Zaragoza
50015
Zaragoza
ES
email: belinda@ipe.csic.es
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1552-8233
userId: https://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=belinda-gallardo/
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