BOS Arthropod Collection of University of Oviedo (Spain): Opiliones

Izaskun Merino Sainz

doi:10.15468/3dahhv

BOS Arthropod Collection of University of Oviedo (Spain): Opiliones

Citation

Merino Sainz I, Torralba-Burrial A (2018). BOS Arthropod Collection of University of Oviedo (Spain): Opiliones. Version 1.4. Department of Organisms and Systems Biology. University of Oviedo. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/3dahhv accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-13.

Description

There are significant gaps in accessible knowledge about the distribution and phenology of Iberian harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). Harvestmen accessible datasets in Iberian Peninsula are unknown, an only two other datasets available in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records. Moreover, only a few harvestmen data from Iberian Peninsula are available in GBIF network (or in any network that allows public retrieval or use these data). This paper describes the data associated with the Opiliones kept in the BOS Arthropod Collection of the University of Oviedo, Spain (hosted in the Department of Biología de Organismos y Sistemas), filling some of those gaps. The specimens were mainly collected from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula. The earliest specimen deposited in the collection, dating back to the early 20th century, belongs to the P. Franganillo Collection. The dataset documents the collection of 16,455 specimens, preserved in 3,772 vials. Approximately 38% of the specimens belong to the family Sclerosomatidae, and 26% to Phalangidae; six other families with fewer specimens are also included. Data quality control was incorporated at several steps of digitisation process to facilitate reuse and improve accuracy. The complete dataset is also provided in Darwin Core Archive format, allowing public retrieval, use and combination with other biological, biodiversity of geographical variables datasets.

Purpose

Existing knowledge on the distribution of harvestmen in the Iberian Peninsula is still very fragmented (Prieto 2003). There are biodiversity collections with more data on Iberian harvestmen, both in terms of numbers of specimens and of localities; these records are partly published for some genera (e.g., Prieto 2004, Prieto and Fernández 2007, Merino-Sáinz et al. 2013a). However, there is no dataset that allows public retrieval or use these data. Thus, only 48 records of Iberian harvestmen are available in GBIF [http://data.gbif.org, accessed on 03 July 2013: Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University 43 records; Museum of Zoology University of Navarra MZNA 3 records; Senckenberg Collection Arachnology SMF 2 records]. Only two other datasets in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records: the Opiliones dataset of the UK National Biodiversity Network (http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/854, based on Sankey 1988 and Hillyard 2005), which includes 25,486 records, and the Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Ireland dataset of the National Biodiversity Data Centre (http://data.gbif.org/datasets/resource/10810), with 2,109 records (there are apparently additional 13,800 harvestmen records in GBIF from several datasets comprising more taxonomic groups) (Figure 1). The purpose of this paper is to document a dataset corresponding to Opiliones specimens deposited in the BOS Arthropod Collection (subcollection of Opiliones: BOS-Opi) of the University of Oviedo, Spain, comprising 16,455 specimens in 3,772 vials (each vial containing specimens with the same species/locality/date/capture method information, i.e., a single record). As a result of this, the BOS-Opi dataset makes a significant contribution of primary data about Iberian harvestmen for ecological, faunistic and conservation studies. With the publication of this dataset, we aim to (1) providing a dataset with phenological and distribution data on harvestmen from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula, and (2) describing the Opiliones subcollection of the BOS Arthropod Collection. distribution of harvestmen in the Iberian Peninsula is still very fragmented (Prieto 2003). There are biodiversity collections with more data on Iberian harvestmen, both in terms of numbers of specimens and of localities; these records are partly published for some genera (e.g., Prieto 2004, Prieto and Fernández 2007, Merino-Saínz et al. 2013a). However, there is no dataset that permits public retrieval or use these data. Thus, only 48 records of Iberian harvestmen are available in GBIF [http://data.gbif.org, accessed on 03 July 2013: Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University 43 records; Museum of Zoology University of Navarra MZNA 3 records; Senckenberg Collection Arachnology SMF 2 records]. Only two other datasets in GBIF are composed exclusively of harvestmen records: the Opiliones dataset of the UK National Biodiversity Network, which includes 25,486 records, and the Harvestmen (Opiliones) of Ireland dataset of the National Biodiversity Data Centre, with 2,109 records (there are apparently an additional 13,800 harvestmen records in GBIF from several datasets comprising more taxonomic groups). With this in mind, the BOS-Opi dataset makes a significant contribution of primary data about Iberian harvestmen for ecological, faunistic and conservation studies. With the publication of this dataset, the aims of (1) providing a dataset with phenological and distribution data on harvestmen from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula, and (2) describing the Opiliones subcollection of the BOS Arthropod Collection, are achieved.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

Specimens are mainly from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula (see geographic coverage section). The earliest specimens are from the 20th century (belonging to the P. Franganillo collection), but the general collection starts in 1977. However, only 9.73% of the items were collected prior to the year 2000, while 75.93% were collected between 2009 and 2012. The BOS-Opi dataset includes the record distributions by month (cumulative number of records in Figure 4), in several cases stemming from repeated sampling in each locality; this information is useful for studies of the life cycles of harvestmen from the region (e.g. Merino Sáinz 2012) and for making comparisons with other regions.

Sampling

Material deposited in the Opiliones subcollection of the BOS Arthropod Collection has been collected in three ways: 1) specimens from the PhD dissertation by Merino Sáinz (2012) carried out at the University of Oviedo (72.99% of items); 2) specimens from the project “Cataloguing of the Biodiversity from the Biosphere Reserve of Muniellos” (SW of Asturias province) (Ocharan Larrondo et al. 2003) (13.10%); 3) specimens from other sources: collections from students in Biology and Forestry Engineering programs at the University of Oviedo, other research projects, practical courses, etc. (13.92%). Most of the specimens were collected with pitfall traps (85.15%). Ethylene glycol was used as a fixation and preservation liquid in the pitfalls (proven effective in various environments and for taxonomic groups including arachnids; Schmidt et al. 2006, Jud and Schmidt-Enfling 2008, Cheli and Corley 2010). Sodium polyphosphate was added to reduce surface tension and to facilitate the capture of arthropods. Direct (hand) collection of specimens and sweep netting yielded 14.26% and 4.32% of the specimens, respectively. Other methods combined (vegetation beating over an upturned umbrella, Berlese funnel, light trap, Malaise trap, sieve) yielded a much lower number of specimens (1.2%) (see Barrientos 2004, Merino Sáinz 2012 for descriptions).

Quality Control

Validation and cleaning of geographic, taxonomic and additional data associated with the harvestmen specimens was incorporated at several steps of the process as an essential component of the digitisation project (see Chapman 2005a,b). Workflow was similar to the one described by Torralba-Burrial and Ocharan (2013). Specimens were identified or else their identification revised by an expert (I. Merino-Sáinz). Scientific names were checked with a taxonomic thesaurus incorporated in the database software (according to current trends in harvestmen nomenclature: Prieto 2003, 2008). Possible mistakes in geographic coordinates (format, localities within country/provincial boundaries), in the format or coherence of dates, or in ASCII anomalous characters were checked using automated routines with DARWIN_TEST (v3.2) software.

Method steps

The digitisation process of the Opiliones subcollection (BOS-Opi) was realised in accordance with the published workflow of the Odonata subcollection (BOS-Odo) (see Torralba-Burrial and Ocharan 2013). Pre-digitisation phase: The preservation status of harvestmen specimens was reviewed prior to digitisation. Vials were changed when necessary and refilled with preservation liquid (ethanol 70º). Specimens were identified or identifications were reviewed when they were already noted. Identification labels were added when labels were lacking or otherwise incomplete. Specimens’ vials were sorted alphabetically by family/genus/species names in trays, and hosted in metallic cabinets in a cold chamber. Digitisation phase: A database with DarwinCorev1.2 standard fields and other fields specific to different research projects was developed using MS EXCEL software. All biodiversity data available on the specimens’ labels (i.e., specimen code, species identification and name of determiner, sex, number of specimens in the vial, locality, date, habitat, collector, collection method, research project and observations) were included in the database. Other geographic data (municipality, GPS coordinates, altitude, etc.) from specimen labels or from associated publications were added to the database when available. If coordinates were not present on the specimen labels or in primary publications, retrospective georeferencing (see Chapman and Wieczorek 2006) was carried out using digital cartography tools (mainly the public gazetteer IBERPIX v2, compiled by the Spanish National Geographic Institute, http://www.ign.es/iberpix2/visor). Localities were sorted geographically for batch retrospective georeferencing, starting with larger batches (Chapman and Wieczorek 2006). Coordinates were stored in MGRS format, and IBERPIX v2 was used to calculate the uncertainty radius of the place georeferenced. The database was converted and imported to, and managed with, ZOORBAR v2.1.1 software (Pando et al. 1996-2012). Creation of the dataset: The dataset was exported as a file in DarwinCorev1.2 format and geographic coordinates were carried out with ZOORBAR v2.1.1 software. DarwinCore elements included in dataset structure are listed in the dataset description section. Data format, georeferenced coordinates and absence of ASCII anomalous characters were checked with DARWIN_TEST v.3.2 software (http://www.gbif.es/darwin_test/Darwin_test.php). Erroneous data were corrected and data cleaning was repeated to enhance the data quality (see details in the section on quality control). The dataset was transformed to a DarwinCore Archive format with metadata to ensure rapid discovery of this biodiversity resource and future publishing as a citable academic paper (see Chavan and Penev 2011). The dataset was uploaded to the Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT v2.0.4) Platform of the Spanish node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt). Links to these data were also provided on the BOS Arthropod Collection website (http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos). The offline version of the dataset includes the identification history of each specimen (4149 items), collection method, research project, and notes on materials derived from the specimens (e.g., publications). This information is available on request.

Additional info

A list of publications citing harvestmen contained in this dataset (BOS-Opi) is provided in point 2 of reference section.

Taxonomic Coverages

All specimens were identified to species when preservation status, sex and life cycle phase permitted it. Sixty-two species were recorded from the northern third of the Iberian Peninsula (Merino Sáinz & Anadón 2008), 23 of which are included in this dataset (most of the absent species are from cave and subterranean habitats, difficult to found without specific samples). There are ten harvestmen families recorded from the Iberian Peninsula, and eight of these are represented in this dataset. Only Dicranolasmatidae (suborder Palpatores) and Phalangodidae (suborder Laniatores) are missing. As depicted in Figure 3, the family with the largest number of specimens in the collection is Sclerosomatidae (38.82%, consisting of the genera Leiobunum, Homalenotus and Gyas), followed by Phalangiidae (26.0%: Odiellus, Phalangium, Paroligolophus, Oligolophus, Dicranopalpus, Megabunus and Mitopus), Trogulidae (14.7%: Trogulus and Anelasmocephalus), Nemastomatidae (14.0%: Nemastomella and Nemastoma). Other families represent less of 5% of the records (Figure 3). No types are hosted among the Opiliones of the BOS Arthropod Collection. However, this collection does include the historic Collection of Arachnids P. Franganillo, with 17 specimens (in ten vials with BOS-Opi codes 3758-3767, five missing since the cataloguing of the collection by Lastra 1974) from the early 20th Century. Pelegrin Franganillo published many new species of arachnids during the first quarter of the century, with very short (if any) descriptions and without figures. In four publications Franganillo (1913, 1917, 1925, 1926) cited, described or commented on Iberian harvestmen. The location of the collection was unknown since the death of Franganillo (in 1955 at La Habana, Cuba) and no comparison with type specimens was possible. For these reasons, most of the names given by Franganillo are considered as nomina dubia both in Araneae (e.g., Urones 1996, Duncan et al. 2010, Crews 2011) and in Opiliones (e.g., Prieto 2003), are synonymized (e.g., Kraus and Kraus 1988, Alayón García 2002, Polotow and Brescovit 2009, Miller et al. 2012), or his records were discarded when other cross-checking sources were not available (e.g., Cardoso & Morano 2010). In 1972, part of the Spanish collection of P. Franganillo was found in a garret of the "La Inmaculada School” (where Franganillo was a teacher) and J.M. Patac de las Traviesas donated it to Oviedo University (see Lastra 1975). The preservation status was very deficient: specimens were dried and locality/determination labels were missing, but almost all vials had a collection number, and assignation and reconstruction of the collection catalogue (without localities or type assignation) was possible for the vials present (Lastra 1974). A study of this collection reveals misidentifications of other species in Araneae (Méndez 1998). In Opiliones, species described by Franganillo are considered nomina dubia (Prieto 2003), and most of his records of other species have been discarded (Mello-Leitao 1936, Prieto 2003). Identifications of the harvestmen specimens of the Franganillo collection at the University of Oviedo show previous misidentifications (Oligolophus vittiger Simon is an Odiellus sp., two specimens of Phalangium parietinum de Geer are really Gyas titanus Simon), current identifications more accurate (three specimens of Liobunum sp. belong to Leiobunum blackwalli Meade) and other specimens show a correct identification by Franganillo (Phalangium opilio Linnaeus).

Animalia
common name: Animals rank: kingdom
Arthropoda
common name: Arthropods rank: phylum
Arachnida
common name: Arachnids rank: class
Opiliones
common name: Harvestmen rank: order
Ischyropsalididae
rank: family
Nemastomatidae
rank: family
Phalangiidae
rank: family
Sabaconidae
rank: family
Sclerosomatidae
rank: family
Sironidae
rank: family
Travuniidae
rank: family
Trogulidae
rank: family

Geographic Coverages

All specimens are from the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula (Figure 2). Most of them are from Asturias province (89.58% of records with "species/locality/date"), with other specimens originating from Cantabria (6.86%), Tras-os-Montes (1.20%), Pontevedra (0.88%) and other provinces (León, Burgos, Álava, Guipúzcoa, Vizcaya, Lugo, Palencia, Ourense, Zamora, Huesca, Salamanca, Navarra and Madrid).

Bibliographic Citations

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Merino Sainz I, Anadón A (2009) Primera cita del género Paramiopsalis Juberthie, 1962 (Arachnida: Opiliones, Sironidae) para Asturias (España). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 45: 556−558. -
Merino Sainz I, Anadón A (2008) La fauna de opiliones (Arachnida) de la Reserva Integral Natural de Muniellos (Asturias) y del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 43: 199-210. -
Ocharan Larrondo FJ, Anadón Alvarez MA, Melero Cimas VX, Monteserín Real S, Ocharan Ibarra R, Rosa García R, Vázquez Felechosa MT (2003) Invertebrados de la Reserva Natural Integral de Muniellos, Asturias. Consejería de Medio Ambiente del Principado de Asturias and KRK Ediciones, Oviedo, 352 pp. -
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Merino Sainz I, Fernández-López J, Rodríguez-Martínez S, da Silva G, Fernández González A, Fernández Menéndez D, Torralba-Burrial A (2013) Opiliones forestales edáficos de la cuenca media-alta del río Támega (NE Portugal). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 22: 117–120. -
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Prieto C (2004) El género Nemastomella Mello-Leitão 1936 (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Nemastomatidae) en la Península Ibérica, con descripción de la primera especie de Andalucía. Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 9: 107-121. - http://www.sea-entomologia.org/Publicaciones/RevistaIbericaAracnologia/RIA09/R09-012-107.pdf
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Contacts

Izaskun Merino Sainz
originator
position: Content provider
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
email: izaskunmerino@hotmail.com

Antonio Torralba-Burrial
metadata author
position: Researcher
Universidad de Oviedo - Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático
Plaza de Riego 4
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: +34985104445
email: antoniotb@gmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Antonio Torralba-Burrial
administrative point of contact
position: Researcher
Universidad de Oviedo - Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático
Plaza de Riego 4
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: +34985104445
email: antoniotb@gmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Izaskun Merino Sainz
author
position: Researcher
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: izaskunmerino@hotmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Izaskun Merino Sainz
content provider
position: Collector/Determinator
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: izaskunmerino@hotmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Araceli Anadón
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: aanadon@uniovi.es
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Araceli Anadón
author
position: Researcher
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: aanadon@uniovi.es
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Antonio Torralba-Burrial
author
position: Reserchear
Universidad de Oviedo - Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático
Plaza de Riego 4
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: +34985104445
email: antoniotb@gmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Fernando Ángel Fernández-Álvarez
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33006
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: f.a.fernandez.alvarez@gmail.com

Araceli Anadón
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: aanadon@uniovi.es
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Carlos Lastra
administrative point of contact
position: Curator of P. Franganillo Collection
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: clastra@uniovi.es

Vitor X. Melero Cimas
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: dpto.bos@uniovi.es

Susana Monteserín Real
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: dpto.bos@uniovi.es

Rocío Ocharan Ibarra
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: dpto.bos@uniovi.es

Rocío Rosa García
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: entomteam@hotmail.com

MT Vázquez Felechosa
content provider
position: Collector
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: NA
email: dpto.bos@uniovi.es

Antonio Torralba-Burrial
point of contact
position: Researcher
Universidad de Oviedo - Cluster de Energía, Medioambiente y Cambio Climático
Plaza de Riego 4
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
Telephone: +34985104445
email: antoniotb@gmail.com
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos

Araceli Anadón
administrative point of contact
position: Point of contact
Universidad de Oviedo - Dpto. Biología de Organismos y Sistemas
C/ Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n
Oviedo
33071
Asturias
ES
email: aanadon@uniovi.es
homepage: http://www.unioviedo.es/BOS/Zoologia/artropodos