FIOCRUZ | Geographical distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis and its phlebotomine vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Study Extent

São Paulo state, Brazil

Sampling

We collated and systematically organized into a single database the disparate data already available on the distribution of sand flies in the state of São Paulo. The distribution of sand flies (Nyssomyia intermedia, N. neivai, N. whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. pessoai and Migonemyia migonei) was based on: (i) examination of material deposited at reference entomological collections (Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, and Departamento de Epidemiologia/Faculdade de Saúde Pública/Universidade de São Paulo), (ii) scientific publications (papers, reports, theses), (iii) the Superintendência de Controle de Endemias/SES database [51], and (iv) personal communication with Dr. Claudio Casanova (SUCEN). The data on the incidence of ACL in the state of São Paulo were obtained from, and are available at, the National Database on Reportable Diseases/Epidemiological Surveillance Centre SINAN/CVE website [21]. We used all the data from notified ACL cases from 1998-2007.

Quality Control

All sand fly taxonomy was updated according to the classification of Galati (2003, 2018),

Method steps

1. Data were compiled in a Microsoft ACCESS 2007™ database, so that it was compatible with the software ArcGIS version 9.3 (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands, California, United States), used in geoprocessing. This information was exported to the Databases Managing System (SGBD) POSTGRESQL. The POSTGRESQL software allows queries using SQL language to quantify and qualify the data. The queries were generated to visualize an event, such as distribution of a given species. The intervals describing the level of the incidence of ACL in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 to distribute ACL data were: low (1 to 10), low-medium (10 to 29), medium (30 to 79), medium-high (80 to 147), and high (148 to 4680). From the ARCGIS 9.3 package, the ARCMAP and ARCCATALOG applications were used with tools from the ARCTOOLBOX, specific for geoprocessing.

Sand flies Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae

1. Phlebotominae
   common name: sand fly rank: subfamily

São Paulo state, Brazil