Distribution of freshwater sponges in Western Siberia

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Sponges are one of the oldest groups of multicellular animals leading an attached lifestyle. The first mention of sponges is found in Aristotle in the 4th century BC. The first in-depth information about the biology of sponges was given by R.E. Grant, he describes the structure of the pores of sponges and gives them a separate name Poriphera. At the end of the 19th century, it was proved that sponges are multicellular animals. In 1894-1895, in the late system of Haeckel, sponges are considered as an independent type of Spongia in the animal kingdom.

The first data on sponges in the north of Western Siberia are described in the article by N. Annandale (1915), where Spongilla arctica Ann. was noted in the upper reaches of the Shchuchya River on the Yamal Peninsula. In the 30s. of the 20th century Spongillidae were also found in the southern part of the Gydan Bay. During this period, in the north of the USSR, freshwater sponges were noted from the whater bodies of the Polar Urals and the Kola Peninsula. In P.D. Frisky monograph, in addition to the above-mentioned species for Siberia, such species as Spongilla lacustris (L.), Ephydatia fluviatilis (L.), Ephydatia mulleri (Lieb.) are indicated.

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