Photographs of higher plants, mosses, fungi, lichens, and algae

Klaus Høiland

doi:10.15468/ft0c5f

Photographs of higher plants, mosses, fungi, lichens, and algae

Citation

Høiland K (2022). Photographs of higher plants, mosses, fungi, lichens, and algae. Version 1.17. University of Oslo. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ft0c5f accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-05-24.

Description

This archive encompasses photographs of vascular plants, mosses, algae, lichens, fungi, and some other organisms previously regarded as “plants”. All pictures are photographed by Klaus Høiland in Norway or abroad. All people are free to use these photographs if the photographer is mentioned, and the picture is not intended for commercial purposes. For personal security all pictures of people, e.g. as measuring standard by some plants, are blurred. The vascular plants are sorted by families following the systematics presented by Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, version 14., Missouri Botanical Garden, (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/). The other organisms are presented by orders (lichen and fungi) or phyla (mosses and other organisms, except a few prokaryotes that are grouped together). Inside these categories the names normally follow the alphabet of the scientific names, except in cases were these names newly have been changed for taxonomic or nomenclatorial reasons. The presentation of the pictures is given in the following notation: Scientific name of the species (Taxonomic category, either family, order or phylum) NORWEGIAN NAME, state in Norway and sometimes special features for the actual photography (locality where the picture has been photographed) For instance: Hepatica nobilis (Ranunculaceae) BLÅVEIS, wild, growing place (N, Oslo, Bygdøy) Dracaena draco (Asparagaceae) DRAGEBLODSTRE, exotic (Spain, Tenerife, Icod) Amanita muscaria (Agaricales) RØD FLUESOPP, wild (N, Halden, Frediksten) Buxbaumia viridis (Bryophyta) GRØNNSKO, wild, red list (N, Oslo, Lillomarka, Styggedalen) The scientific names follow the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken). Exotic organisms follow names found in Store Norske Leksikon or other reliable internet sources. The Norwegian names also follow those given by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken). Norwegian names for exotic plants are found in Store Norske Leksikon or other reliable internet sources. The state in Norway has following representation: wild: The organisms are natural (spontaneous) in Norway. For vascular plants this notation also includes weeds that have been in Norway before 1800, together with other obviously introduced plants, but which have been a part of our flora before 1800 (following the view by Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken)). Organisms appearing after 1800, but arrived Norway by natural ways, e.g. sea currents and birds, are similarly regarded as wild. introduced: This means organisms introduced by man, either involuntarily (as several weeds following import of goods or by vehicles or ships) or by purpose (as garden plants, alien forest trees, vegetables, cereals). Included are also parasites introduced by imported vectors (plants or animals). They must have been registered as established in the nature of Norway after 1800, either by specimens in museums or mentioned in literature. For some alien forest trees, where we know the history of introduction, the age is sometimes set before 1800. wild and introduced: This state means that the organisms originally were wild, but has been re-introduced by man. This notation is most actual where the wild occurrences has been extinct (or nearly so), but has be re-introduced afterwards. wild, ephemeral: This means organisms considered as wild, but unstable, appearing a short time on its localities, often disappearing and sometimes re-establishing. “Hello goodbye”-organisms. wild, vanished: Originally wild organisms that have been extinct for a long time. They will have the category “regionally extinct” RE on the red list. red list: The organisms are included in the latest version of the red list, Rødlista 2015, provided by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken) (encompassing the categories CR, EN, VU, NT, and DD, but not RE). problem: This indicates an introduced organism that is a problem, usually an invasive species with high ecological impact. With few exceptions only species with very high or high risk in the latest version of Fremmedartslista (2018) provided by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (Artsdatabanken) are mentioned as problem. exotic: Organisms not occurring in Norwegian nature. They are either photographed abroad or in Norway as cultivated specimens. Such cultivated specimens cannot be considered as introduced according to the context used here, since they are not spreading into Norwegian nature. Sometimes special features of the picture is mentioned, e.g. if it shows the growing place, special characteristics as fruits, seeds, female or male structures, accompanying animals and so forth. In parenthesis the place where the photograph is taken is mentioned: land (N = Norway, S = Sweden, other lands unabbreviated), community/landscape, locality etc. For threatened and charismatic species it is stated “locality not given” for conservation reasons.

Taxonomic Coverages

Higher plants, mosses, algae, lichens, fungi, prokaryotes

Lycophyta
common name: Clubmosses rank: phylum
Pterophyta
common name: Ferns and horsetails rank: phylum
Cycadophyta
common name: Cycads rank: phylum
Ginkgophyta
common name: Ginkgo rank: phylum
Coniferophyta
common name: Conifers rank: phylum
Gnetophyta
common name: Gnetophytes rank: phylum
Anthophyta
common name: Flowering plants rank: phylum
Anthocerophyta
common name: Hornworts rank: phylum
Marchantiophyta
common name: Liverworts rank: phylum
Bryophyta
common name: Mosses rank: phylum
Charophyta
common name: Stoneworts rank: phylum
Chlorophyta
common name: Green algae rank: phylum
Rhodophyta
common name: Red algae rank: phylum
Phaeophyta
common name: Brown algae rank: phylum
Chrysophyta
common name: Golden algae rank: phylum
Bacillariophyta
common name: Diatoms rank: phylum
Oomycota
common name: Egg fungi rank: phylum
Chytridiomycota
common name: Chytrids rank: phylum
Zoopgagomycota
rank: phylum
Mucoromycota
common name: Pinmoulds rank: phylum
Ascomycota
common name: Sac fungi rank: phylum
Basidiomycota
common name: Club fungi rank: phylum
Myxomycota
common name: Slime moulds rank: phylum
Cercozoa
rank: phylum
Eubacteria
common name: Bacteria rank: domain

Geographic Coverages

Photographs taken mainly in Norway with Svalbard, but also Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Spain with Canary Islands, Portugal (Madeira), Greece (Crete), UK, The Netherlands, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Estonia. Some pictures outside rectangle from Zimbabwe, Malawi, Thailand, Canada (British Columbia).

Bibliographic Citations

Contacts

Klaus Høiland
originator
position: Professor emeritus
UIO, Department of Biosciences
Bygdøy allé 75 A
Oslo
0268
NO
Telephone: +47 92656366
email: klaus.hoiland@ibv.uio.no

Klaus Høiland
metadata author
position: Professor emeritus
UIO, Department of Biosciences
Bygdøy allé 75 A
Oslo
0268
NO
Telephone: +47 92656366

Vidar Bakken
user
email: vidar.bakken@usit.uio.no

Klaus Høiland
administrative point of contact
position: Professor emeritus
UIO, Department of Biosciences
Bygdøy allé 75 A
Oslo
0268
NO
Telephone: +47 92656366
email: klaus.hoiland@ibv.uio.no