Herbario de Plantas Vasculares de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA

Study Extent

Principalmente la Península ibérica (España y Portugal) y en especial el Centro-Oeste de su geografía. También países de influencia mediterránea, como Francia, Italia, Turquía y Marruecos

Sampling

Material recolectado en función del área de estudio de interés en cada caso.La mayoría de los especímenes han sido colectados por los miembros del Dpto. de Botánica de la Universidad de Salamanca y los miembros del Herbario SALA. Otra parte, no menos importante, corresponde al material procedente de los diversos intercambios mantenidos con otros herbarios y de donaciones.

Quality Control

Determinación taxonómica de los pliegos de herbario por los profesores y miembros del departamento de Botánica de la Universidad de Salamanca.

Method steps

1. Los especímenes una vez recolectados se introducen en bolsas de plástico incluyendo una etiqueta con el número de colector, como referencia a los datos anotados en el cuaderno de campo, posteriormente se prensa y seca con prensa de tornillos tradicional a temperatura ambiente, o utilizando una prensa de aire caliente. El material una vez seco, se somete a una congelación intensa a -18-20ºC durante 48-72 horas. Una vez informatizados los datos se montan en su respectiva camisa (formada por una cartulina blanca y una cubierta de papel vegetal). El montaje se realiza con cola blanca de secado rápido o bien con cinta de lino libre de ácidos, para evitar que ataque a la celulosa del papel. Las etiquetas con toda la información de los ejemplares se imprimen sobre etiquetas adhesivas con impresora láser. Los pliegos montados se archivan en cajas de herbario dentro de armarios compactos manteniendo una temperatura entre 20-24 ºC y entre 40-60 % de humedad ambiental. La ordenación es por Familia, Género y Especie, y dentro de cada una de estas categorías taxonómicas, por orden alfabético, dentro de cada uno de los tres grandes grupos de Pteridofitos, Gimnospermas y Angiospermas Para la identificación de los especímenes se ha utilizado bibliografía muy diversa, pero fundamentalmente Flora Europaea (TUTIN & cols., 1964-1980), Flora Iberica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares (CASTROVIEJO, 1986-2014). El juego de datos que se envían al portal de GBIF, se chequea con la aplicación DarwinTest v3.2 proporcionada por el nodo nacional de GBIF (http://www.gbif.es/darwin_test/Darwin_Test_in.php), para identificar posibles errores.

La colección de plantas vasculares contiene tres grandes grupos: Pteridófitos (3353 pliegos), Gimnospermas (454) y Angiospermas (128.780). Hay pliegos de 280 familias, siendo las mejor representadas: Compositae (15817), Gramineae (11827), Leguminosae (11709), Scrophulariaceae (7466), Caryophyllaceae (7442) y Labiatae (6833). Se encuentran representados 2259 géneros, siendo los mas abundantes: Veronica (2277 pliegos), Carex (2016), Ranunculus (1857), Silene (1739), Trifolium (1705), Centaurea (1432) y Linaria (1336).

1. Plantae
   common name: Plantas rank: kingdom
2. Pteridophyta
   common name: Pteridófitos rank: phylum
3. Spermatophyta
   rank: phylum
4. Magnoliopsida
   rank: class
5. Liliopsida
   rank: class
6. Filicopsida
   rank: class
7. Lycopsida
   rank: class
8. Coniferopsida
   rank: class
9. Equisetopsida
   rank: class
10. Ophioglossipda
    rank: class
11. Gnetopsida
    rank: class
12. Taxopsida
    rank: class
13. Cycadopsida
    rank: class
14. Gingkgopsida
    rank: class
15. Psilotopsida
    rank: class
16. Acanthaceae
    rank: family
17. Acathocarpaceae
    rank: family
18. Aceraceae
    rank: family
19. Adiantaceae
    rank: family
20. Adoxaceae
    rank: family
21. Agavaceae
    rank: family
22. Aizoaceae
    rank: family
23. Alismataceae
    rank: family
24. Amaranthaceae
    rank: family
25. Amaryllidaceae
    rank: family
26. Anacardiaceae
    rank: family
27. Annonaceae
    rank: family
28. Apocynaceae
    rank: family
29. Aquifoliaceae
    rank: family
30. Araceae
    rank: family
31. Araliaceae
    rank: family
32. Aristolochiaceae
    rank: family
33. Asclepiadaceae
    rank: family
34. Aspidiaceae
    rank: family
35. Aspleniaceae
    rank: family
36. Athyriaceae
    rank: family
37. Azollaceae
    rank: family
38. Balsaminaceae
    rank: family
39. Basellaceae
    rank: family
40. Begoniaceae
    rank: family
41. Berberidaceae
    rank: family
42. Betulaceae
    rank: family
43. Bignoniaceae
    rank: family
44. Blechnaceae
    rank: family
45. Bombacaceae
    rank: family
46. Boraginaceae
    rank: family
47. Botrychiaceae
    rank: family
48. Bromeliaceae
    rank: family
49. Buddlejaceae
    rank: family
50. Burseraceae
    rank: family
51. Butomaceae
    rank: family
52. Buxaceae
    rank: family
53. Cactaceae
    rank: family
54. Callitrichaceae
    rank: family
55. Campanulaceae
    rank: family
56. Cannabaceae
    rank: family
57. Capparaceae
    rank: family
58. Caprifoliaceae
    rank: family
59. Caryophyllaceae
    rank: family
60. Celastraceae
    rank: family
61. Ceratophyllaceae
    rank: family
62. Characeae
    rank: family
63. Chenopodiaceae
    rank: family
64. Chrysobalanaceae
    rank: family
65. Cistaceae
    rank: family
66. Clethraceae
    rank: family
67. Clusiaceae
    rank: family
68. Cneoraceae
    rank: family
69. Combretaceae
    rank: family
70. Commelinaceae
    rank: family
71. Compositae
    rank: family
72. Convolvulaceae
    rank: family
73. Coriariaceae
    rank: family
74. Cornaceae
    rank: family
75. Crassulaceae
    rank: family
76. Cruciferae
    rank: family
77. Cryptogrammaceae
    rank: family
78. Cucurbitaceae
    rank: family
79. Culcitaceae
    rank: family
80. Cunoniaceae
    rank: family
81. Cupressaceae
    rank: family
82. Cynomoriaceae
    rank: family
83. Cyperaceae
    rank: family
84. Davalliaceae
    rank: family
85. Diapensiaceae
    rank: family
86. Dioscoreaceae
    rank: family
87. Dipsacaceae
    rank: family
88. Droseraceae
    rank: family
89. Dryopteridaceae
    rank: family
90. Elaeagnaceae
    rank: family
91. Elaeocarpaceae
    rank: family
92. Elatinaceae
    rank: family
93. Empetraceae
    rank: family
94. Ephedraceae
    rank: family
95. Equisetaceae
    rank: family
96. Ericaceae
    rank: family
97. Eriocaulaceae
    rank: family
98. Escalloniaceae
    rank: family
99. Euphorbiaceae
    rank: family
100. Fagaceae
     rank: family
101. Flacourtiaceae
     rank: family
102. Frankeniaceae
     rank: family
103. Gentianaceae
     rank: family
104. Geraniaceae
     rank: family
105. Gesneriaceae
     rank: family
106. Gleicheniaceae
     rank: family
107. Globulariaceae
     rank: family
108. Gramineae
     rank: family
109. Grammitidaceae
     rank: family
110. Grossulariaceae
     rank: family
111. Guttiferae
     rank: family
112. Haloragaceae
     rank: family
113. Hederaceae
     rank: family
114. Hemionitidaceae
     rank: family
115. Hidrocharitaceae
     rank: family
116. Hippocastanaceae
     rank: family
117. Hippocrateaceae
     rank: family
118. Hippuridaceae
     rank: family
119. Hyacinthaceae
     rank: family
120. Hydrangeaceae
     rank: family
121. Hydrocharitaceae
     rank: family
122. Hydrophyllaceae
     rank: family
123. Hymenophyllaceae
     rank: family
124. Hypolepidaceae
     rank: family
125. Iridaceae
     rank: family
126. Isoetaceae
     rank: family
127. Juglandaceae
     rank: family
128. Juncaceae
     rank: family
129. Juncaginaceae
     rank: family
130. Labiatae
     rank: family
131. Lauraceae
     rank: family
132. Lecythidaceae
     rank: family
133. Leguminosae
     rank: family
134. Lemnaceae
     rank: family
135. Lentibulariaceae
     rank: family
136. Liliaceae
     rank: family
137. Linaceae
     rank: family
138. Loasaceae
     rank: family
139. Loranthaceae
     rank: family
140. Lycopodiaceae
     rank: family
141. Lythraceae
     rank: family
142. Malpighiaceae
     rank: family
143. Malvaceae
     rank: family
144. Marantaceae
     rank: family
145. Marsileaceae
     rank: family
146. Melastomataceae
     rank: family
147. Meliaceae
     rank: family
148. Menyanthaceae
     rank: family
149. Molluginaceae
     rank: family
150. Monimiaceae
     rank: family
151. Monotropaceae
     rank: family
152. Moraceae
     rank: family
153. Morinaceae
     rank: family
154. Myoporaceae
     rank: family
155. Myricaceae
     rank: family
156. Myrsinaceae
     rank: family
157. Myrtaceae
     rank: family
158. Najadaceae
     rank: family
159. Nyctaginaceae
     rank: family
160. Nymphaeaceae
     rank: family
161. Oleaceae
     rank: family
162. Onagraceae
     rank: family
163. Ophioglossaceae
     rank: family
164. Orchidaceae
     rank: family
165. Orobanchaceae
     rank: family
166. Osmundaceae
     rank: family
167. Oxalidaceae
     rank: family
168. Paeoniaceae
     rank: family
169. Palmae
     rank: family
170. Papaveraceae
     rank: family
171. Passifloraceae
     rank: family
172. Pedaliaceae
     rank: family
173. Phytolaccaceae
     rank: family
174. Pinaceae
     rank: family
175. Piperaceae
     rank: family
176. Pittosporaceae
     rank: family
177. Plantaginaceae
     rank: family
178. Platanaceae
     rank: family
179. Plumbaginaceae
     rank: family
180. Podocarpaceae
     rank: family
181. Polemoniaceae
     rank: family
182. Polygalaceae
     rank: family
183. Polygonaceae
     rank: family
184. Polypodiaceae
     rank: family
185. Pontederiaceae
     rank: family
186. Portulacaceae
     rank: family
187. Potamogetonaceae
     rank: family
188. Primulaceae
     rank: family
189. Proteaceae
     rank: family
190. Psilotaceae
     rank: family
191. Pteridaceae
     rank: family
192. Punicaceae
     rank: family
193. Pyrolaceae
     rank: family
194. Quenopodiaceae
     rank: family
195. Rafflesiaceae
     rank: family
196. Ranunculaceae
     rank: family
197. Resedaceae
     rank: family
198. Restionaceae
     rank: family
199. Rhamnaceae
     rank: family
200. Rosaceae
     rank: family
201. Rubiaceae
     rank: family
202. Ruppiaceae
     rank: family
203. Rutaceae
     rank: family
204. Salicaceae
     rank: family
205. Salviniaceae
     rank: family
206. Santalaceae
     rank: family
207. Sapindaceae
     rank: family
208. Sapotaceae
     rank: family
209. Saxifragaceae
     rank: family
210. Scheuchzeriaceae
     rank: family
211. Schizaeaceae
     rank: family
212. Scrophulariaceae
     rank: family
213. Selaginellaceae
     rank: family
214. Simaroubaceae
     rank: family
215. Sinopteridaceae
     rank: family
216. Smilacaceae
     rank: family
217. Solanaceae
     rank: family
218. Sparganiaceae
     rank: family
219. Staphyleaceae
     rank: family
220. Sterculiaceae
     rank: family
221. Styracaceae
     rank: family
222. Symplocaceae
     rank: family
223. Tamaricaceae
     rank: family
224. Taxaceae
     rank: family
225. Theaceae
     rank: family
226. Theligonaceae
     rank: family
227. Thelypteridaceae
     rank: family
228. Thymelaeaceae
     rank: family
229. Tiliaceae
     rank: family
230. Trapaceae
     rank: family
231. Typhaceae
     rank: family
232. Ulmaceae
     rank: family
233. Umbelliferae
     rank: family
234. Urticaceae
     rank: family
235. Valerianaceae
     rank: family
236. Verbenaceae
     rank: family
237. Violaceae
     rank: family
238. Viscaceae
     rank: family
239. Vitaceae
     rank: family
240. Vittariaceae
     rank: family
241. Winteraceae
     rank: family
242. Woodsiaceae
     rank: family
243. Zannichelliaceae
     rank: family
244. Zosteraceae
     rank: family
245. Zygophyllaceae
     rank: family

La gran mayoría de especímenes han sido recolectados en la península ibérica (111.281 pliegos), principalmente en la zona Centro-Oeste. Los países mejor representados, exceptuando España, son Portugal (2912 pliegos), Francia ( 2878), Italia (2184), Turquía (2148), Armenia (1783), Finlandia (1358) y Marruecos (1087).