Size Spectra of the edaphic fauna of Argiudol typical soils of the rolling Pampa region, Argentina

Victor Nicolas Velazco; Rosana V Sandler; Maria Cynthia Valeria Sanabria; Carlos E. Coviella; Liliana B. Falco; Leonardo A. Saravia

doi:10.15468/cmp3ma

Size Spectra of the edaphic fauna of Argiudol typical soils of the rolling Pampa region, Argentina

Citation

Velazco V N, Sandler R V, Sanabria M C V, Coviella C E, Falco L B, Saravia L A, Velazco V N (2023). Size Spectra of the edaphic fauna of Argiudol typical soils of the rolling Pampa region, Argentina. Version 1.6. Instituto de Ecologia y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/cmp3ma accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-11.

Description

The soil fauna inhabits the interstices formed between the litter that accumulates on the soil surface and the pores that exist in the organo-mineral matrix of the soil. These organisms play a very important role in the functioning of the edaphic ecosystem related to the fractionation and decomposition of organic matter, the transport of propagules of bacteria and fungi, population control and the biological transformation of the edaphic habitat. All of these activities are closely related to ecosystem functions such as carbon and nutrient cycling, maintenance and increase in soil organic matter content, chemical fertility, and physical fertility of the soil, all of which are closely linked to regulating ecosystem services.

This work makes available the measurements of morphological traits related to the spectrum of sizes of edaphic organisms found in typical Argiudol soils in systems with different use intensity of agricultural soils in the Rolling Pampas region, one of the most extense and fertile plains of the world.

The edaphic organisms treated here are mainly represented by edaphic microarthropods whose body width is less than 2 mm (Arachnida: Acari and Entognatha: Collembola) and which are also the most abundant organisms in the cryptic system of the soil pore network. On the other hand, the species of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Crassiclitelata) were recorded, organisms considered ecosystem engineers for their role in the physical formation of channels through the organo-mineral matrix of the soil and for the ability to distribute organic matter through ground. In a complementary way, the morphological traits of other edaphic organisms that make up the "macrofauna" (body width greater than 2 mm) were also measured, which are also associated with various functions in the soil ecosystem, for example, population control by large predators, decomposition of organic matter, formation of biogenic structures, mobilization of nutrients, and herbivory.

Purpose

The project focuses on the characterization of the edaphic fauna in Argiudol soils of the rolling pampas, one of the most fertile and extensive agricultural plains in the world subjected to different impact intensities produced by the agricultural activities that the soil supports. By measuring the individuals found during a two-year sampling period and calculating their body weights and by extension their biomass, we strive to estimate the flow of energy through the network of interactions between the different actors of the edaphic community, linking them with ecosystem functions and estimate the stability of the community. In this paper, we present the complete data set collected for the project. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other dataset for the rolling pampas that shows the spectrum of sizes and biomass of edaphic fauna for the different taxons found.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The samples were taken from fields located in the districts of Chivilcoy and Navarro in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The sampling sites were fields with three different intensities of land use: 1) Naturalized grasslands (N): abandoned grasslands without significant direct anthropic influence for at least 50 years, whose predominant vegetation is Festuca pratensis, Stipa sp., Cirsium vulgare, and Solanum laucophylumm, 2) Mixed livestock system (G) with 25 years under continuous grazing with high animal load and change towards forage production (bales of oats, corn and sorghum) two years before starting the study, and 3) Agricultural system (A): fields under continuous intensive agriculture for 50 years and under no-tillage for the 18 years prior to the start of samplings.

Sampling

For each land use system, 3 different sites in separate fields were selected as replicates. In each replica, 3 sampling points were randomly located and then georeferenced to return to the same site on each sampling date. The samplings were carried out once a season for 2 years. Soil subsamples with cores of 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm deep were taken at each sampling point. Subsequently, the sample was homogenized and taken to the laboratory for the extraction of edaphic microarthropods using the flotation technique. In addition, at each sampling point, a 25x25 cm by 25 cm deep monolith was taken for the manual extraction of earthworms and other macrofauna organisms. The collected organisms were stored in 70% alcohol until their identification under a binocular microscope (Moreira et al. 2012Vargas and Recamier 2007).

Quality Control

No quality control procedures were carried out

Method steps

The edaphic microarthropods were extracted using the flotation technique, for which the homogenized sample was disaggregated and placed under water flow so that they pass through sieves with a 4 mm and 2 mm mesh opening, the soil that passed through the meshes was mixed in 2:1 ratio with a 1.2% magnesium sulfate solution. The solution is allowed to settle for a few minutes until the mineral fraction of the soil settles and the supernatant in which the arthropods float is collected with a 98 um diameter sieve and stored in 70% alcohol until observation. The collected supernatant was observed using a Leica S8P0 binocular microscope, and with the help of fine brushes and thin needles, the microarthropods were extracted and stored in 70º alcohol until their identification.
The identification of mites, springtails and worms and other fauna was carried out using taxonomic keys. After the identification, the body weights of the edaphic organisms were estimated, all of them expressed in micrograms of dry weight (Newton and Proctor 2013, Ganigar 1997). The earthworms were weighed to obtain the fresh weight and the dry weight was taken with a factor of 0.15.
The other organisms were measured one by one through photographs taken with a Leica S8P0 microscope with a built-in digital camera and whose rasters include a measurement scale depending on the configuration of the optical system at the time of capture (Leica Application Suite V4.4). Once the images were obtained, the ImageJ tool (Rasband 2018, Gonzales 2018) was used and the measurements of the body length and width of each of the individuals in micrometers were obtained.
Following this, several published linear equations relating body length and width were used to estimate the body weight of the organisms (Coulis and Joly 2017, Greiner et al. 2010, Hale et al. 2004, Hawkins et al. 1997, Lebrum 1971a, Lebrum 1971b, Persson and Lohm 1977, Tanaka 1970). The length-width equations are general but vary by taxonomic group and also by the general shape that may exist within the taxonomic group. A total of 8662 specimens were measured individually.
Finally, with the estimated body weights of the different taxa of edaphic organisms, all of them expressed in micrograms of dry weight, the size spectrum of the soil fauna community can be described.

Additional info

List of publications that have used fractions of the database for various analyzes Sandler, Rosana V. (2019) Indicadores de sustentabilidad del suelo basados en la estructura y funcionamiento de la fauna edáfica. Ph.D. dissertation (Spanish) Sandler, Rosana V., Liliana B. Falco, César A. Di Ciocco, Ricardo Castro Huerta, Leonardo A. Saravia, Carlos E. Coviella. 2018. Change of collembolan (Hexapoda: Collembola) community structure related to anthropic soil disturbance. Revista de la FCA UNCuyo 50(1): 217-231. Online: http://revista.fca.uncu.edu.ar/images/stories/pdfs/2018-01/Cp_15_Coviella.pdf Falco L, Sandler R, Momo F, Di Ciocco C, Saravia L, Coviella C. 2015 Earthworm assemblages in different intensity of agricultural uses and their relation to edaphic variables. PeerJ 3:e979 https://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.979 Ricardo A. Castro-Huerta, Liliana B. Falco, Rosana V. Sandler, Carlos E. Coviella. 2015. Differential contribution of soil biota groups to plant litter decomposition as mediated by soil use. PeerJ 3:e826; DOI 10.7717/peerj.826. Open Access. Di Ciocco C; Sandler R; Falco L & Coviella C. 2014. Actividad microbiológica de un suelo sometido a distintos usos y su relación con variables físico-químicas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. 46(1): 73-85. Rosana V. Sandler, Liliana B. Falco, César Di Ciocco, Romina de Luca, Carlos E. Coviella. 2010. Eficiencia del embudo Berlese-tullgren para extracción de artrópodos edáficos en suelos argiudoles típicos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Revista Ciencia del suelo. 28(1):1-7.

Taxonomic Coverages

The edaphic fauna organisms were classified into different taxonomic categories. The identification of organisms stored in 70% alcohol was carried out with the support of taxonomic keys. The mites were identified up to superfamilies (Balogh and Balogh 1988, Balogh and Balogh 1972, Burges and Raw 1967, Dindal 1990, Evans and Till 1979, Krantz and Walter 2009, Momo and Falco 2009), the springtails were identified up to the family level (Claps et al. 2020, Janssens , Momo and Falco 2009), the earthworms, down to species (de Michis and Moreno 1999, Reynolds 1996, Satchell 1983), and the macrofauna was identified in different taxonomic ranks, whether they are classes, orders, or families (Choate 1999, Claps et al. 2020, Dindal 1990, Klimaszewiski and Watt 1997, Vargas et al. 2014).

Gastropoda (Cuvier, 1795)
rank: order
Symphyla (Ryder, 1880)
rank: class
Oniscidea (Latreille, 1802)
rank: suborder
Psocoptera (Shipley, 1904)
rank: order
Gryllotalpidae (Leach, 1815)
rank: family
Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781)
rank: family
Formicidae (Latreille, 1809)
rank: family
Sciaridae (Billberg, 1820)
rank: family
Cecidomyiidae (Newman, 1835)
rank: family
Scarabaeidae (Latreille, 1802)
rank: family
Ptiliidae (Erichson, 1845)
rank: family
Carabidae (Latreille 1802)
rank: family
Staphylinidae (Latreille, 1802)
rank: superfamily
Isoptera (Brullé, 1832)
rank: suborder
Symphypleona (Börner, 1901)
rank: order
Onychiuridae (Lubbock, 1867)
rank: family
Hypogastruroidea (Börner, 1906)
rank: superfamily
Isotomidae (Schäffer, 1896)
rank: family
Entomobryoidea (Schäffer, 1896)
rank: superfamily
Chilopoda (Latreille, 1817)
rank: class
Tydeoidea (Kramer, 1877)
rank: superfamily
Trombidioidea (Leach, 1815)
rank: superfamily
Eupodoidea (Koch, 1842)
rank: superfamily
Bdelloidea (Hudson, 1884)
rank: superfamily
Oripodoidea (Jacot, 1925)
rank: superfamily
Oribatida (van der Hammen, 1968)
rank: suborder
Oppioidea (Grandjean, 1951)
rank: superfamily
Galumnoidea (Jacot, 1925)
rank: superfamily
Euphthiracaroidea (Jacot, 1930)
rank: superfamily
Epilohmannioidea (Oudemans, 1923)
rank: superfamily
Crotonioidea (Thorell, 1876)
rank: superfamily
Ceratozetoidea (Jacot, 1925)
rank: superfamily
Brachychthonioidea (Thor, 1934)
rank: superfamily
Veigaioidea (Oudemans, 1939)
rank: superfamily
Uropodoidea (Kramer, 1881)
rank: superfamily
Rhodacaroidea (Oudemans, 1902)
rank: superfamily
Parasitoidea (Oudemans, 1901)
rank: superfamily
Mesostigmata (G. Canestrini, 1891)
rank: suborder
Dermanyssoidea (Kolenati, 1859)
rank: superfamily
Acaroidea (Latreille, 1802)
rank: superfamily
Linyphiidae (Blackwall, 1859)
rank: family
Octolasion lacteum (Örley, 1881)
rank: species
Octalacyum cyaneum (Savigny, 1826)
rank: species
Microscolex phosphoreus (Dugès, 1837)
rank: species
Microscolex dubius (Fletcher, 1887)
rank: species
Eukerria stagnalis (Kinberg, 1867)
rank: species
Apodorrectodea trapezoides (Duges, 1828)
rank: species
Apodorrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826)
rank: species
Apodorrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826)
Crassiclitellata (Jamieson, 1988)
rank: order

Geographic Coverages

The Argentine pampa is a wide plain with more than 54 million hectares, phytogeographically it is located in the Neotropical region, Chaqueño domain, Eastern district of the Pampean province and therefore the dominant vegetation is the steppe or pseudo-steppe of grasses (Cabrera AL 1976, Oyarzabal M et al. 2018). The climate is temperate and with relatively high humidity throughout the year, periodically interrupted by droughts derived from El Niño and La Niña. The so-called wavy pampa is the most fertile and productive zone in the region, where more than 80% of the land is dedicated to the production of agricultural crops. The soils of the Pampa have relatively few limitations for crop production and are suitable for livestock. They are deep, well-drained soils, do not offer limitations for root growth, and have a good organic matter content (Cabrera and Willink 1973). The fields where all the samples were taken are located in the districts of Chivilcoy (60 m.s.n.m. Lat: 35° 8'1.85"S and 34°51'48.47"S; Long: 59°44'41.37" W and 60°13'10.51" W) and Navarro (43 m.s.n.m. Lat: 34°49'12.72"S; Long: 59°10'14.00" W) in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The fields with agricultural use are located within a radius of no more than 5 km from each other, the mixed fields that implement livestock and pasture cultivation are within a radius of less than 7 km, and two of the three pastures are contiguous while the The third is about 37 km. These distances in the Humid Pampa are practically irrelevant in terms of climate or elevation, the soils in all the sampled sites correspond to Argiudols typical (USDA 2014) of the Henry Bell and Lobos series(CIRN 2022).

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Contacts

Victor Nicolas Velazco
originator
position: PhD. Student
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
Av. Constitución y Ruta 5
Luján
6700
Buenos Aires
AR
email: velazcon951@gmail.com
homepage: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor-Velazco
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-0616

Rosana V Sandler
originator
position: Ph.D.
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
AR
userId: http://www.researcherid.com/rid/Rosana-Sandler

Maria Cynthia Valeria Sanabria
originator
position: PhD. Student
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
AR
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8945-5303

Carlos E. Coviella
originator
position: PhD. Professor and Researcher
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
Av. Constitución y Ruta 5
Luján
6700
Buenos Aires
AR
email: carlosecoviella@yahoo.com
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-5826

Liliana B. Falco
originator
position: Agronomist
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
AR
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-2572

Leonardo A. Saravia
originator
position: Ph.D.
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, CONICET
AR
email: lsaravia@untdf.edu.ar
homepage: https://lsaravia.github.io/
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7911-4398

Victor Nicolás Velazco
metadata author
position: PhD. Student
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo sustentable (INEDES), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, UNLu
Av. Constitución y Ruta 5
Luján
6700
Buenos Aires
AR
Telephone: +542323420380 ext 1270
email: vvelazco@mail.unlu.edu.ar
homepage: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor-Velazco
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-0616

Víctor Nicolás Velazco
author
position: PhD. Student
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, UNLu
Av. Constitución y Ruta 5
Luján
6700
Buenos Aires
AR
Telephone: +542323420380 ext 1270
homepage: http://www.inedes.unlu.edu.ar/
userId: http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cEq4d2AAAAAJ

Vìctor Nicolás Velazco
administrative point of contact
position: PhD. Student
Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján.
Av. Constitución y Ruta 5
Luján
6700
Buenos Aires
AR
email: vvelazco@mail.unlu.edu.ar
homepage: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor-Velazco
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5546-0616