Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms
Citation
Zuntini A R, Carruthers T, Maurin O, Bailey P C, Leempoel K, Brewer G E, Epitawalage N, Françoso E, Gallego-Paramo B, McGinnie C, Negrão R, Roy S R, Simpson L, Toledo Romero E, Barber V M A, Botigué L, Clarkson J J, Cowan R S, Dodsworth S, Johnson M G, Kim J T, Pokorny L, Wickett N J, Antar G M, DeBolt L, Gutierrez K, Hendriks K P, Hoewener A, Hu A, Joyce E M, Kikuchi I A B S, Larridon I, Larson D A, de Lírio E J, Liu J, Malakasi P, Przelomska N A S, Shah T, Viruel J, Allnutt T R, Ameka G K, Andrew R L, Appelhans M S, Arista M, Ariza M J, Arroyo J, Arthan W, Bachelier J B, Bailey C D, Barnes H F, Barrett M D, Barrett R L, Bayer R J, Bayly M J, Biffin E, Biggs N, Birch J L, Bogarín D, Borosova R, Bowles A M C, Boyce P C, Bramley G L C, Briggs M, Broadhurst L, Brown G K, Bruhl J J, Bruneau A, Buerki S, Burns E, Byrne M, Cable S, Calladine A, Callmander M W, Cano Á, Cantrill D J, Cardinal-McTeague W M, Carlsen M M, Carruthers A J A, de Castro Mateo A, Chase M W, Chatrou L W, Cheek M, Chen S, Christenhusz M J M, Christin P, Clements M A, Coffey S C, Conran J G, Cornejo X, Couvreur T L P, Cowie I D, Csiba L, Darbyshire I, Davidse G, Davies N M J, Davis A P, van Dijk K, Downie S R, Duretto M F, Duvall M R, Edwards S L, Eggli U, Erkens R H J, Escudero M, de la Estrella M, Fabriani F, Fay M F, Ferreira P D L, Ficinski S Z, Fowler R M, Frisby S, Fu L, Fulcher T, Galbany-Casals M, Gardner E M, German D A, Giaretta A, Gibernau M, Gillespie L J, González C C, Goyder D J, Graham S W, Grall A, Green L, Gunn B F, Gutiérrez D G, Hackel J, Haevermans T, Haigh A, Hall J C, Hall T, Harrison M J, Hatt S A, Hidalgo O, Hodkinson T R, Holmes G D, Hopkins H C F, Jackson C J, James S A, Jobson R W, Kadereit G, Kahandawala I M, Kainulainen K, Kato M, Kellogg E A, King G J, Klejevskaja B, Klitgaard B B, Klopper R R, Knapp S, Koch M A, Leebens-Mack J H, Lens F, Leon C J, Léveillé-Bourret É, Lewis G P, Li D, Li L, Liede-Schumann S, Livshultz T, Lorence D, Lu M, Lu-Irving P, Luber J, Lucas E J, Luján M, Lum M, Macfarlane T D, Magdalena C, Mansano V F, Masters L E, Mayo S J, McColl K, McDonnell A J, McDougall A E, McLay T G B, McPherson H, Meneses R I, Merckx V S F T, Michelangeli F A, Mitchell J D, Monro A K, Moore M J, Mueller T L, Mummenhoff K, Munzinger J, Muriel P, Murphy D J, Nargar K, Nauheimer L, Nge F J, Nyffeler R, Orejuela A, Ortiz E M, Palazzesi L, Peixoto A L, Pell S K, Pellicer J, Penneys D S, Perez-Escobar O A, Persson C, Pignal M, Pillon Y, Pirani J R, Plunkett G M, Powell R F, Prance G T, Puglisi C, Qin M, Rabeler R K, Rees P E J, Renner M, Roalson E H, Rodda M, Rogers Z S, Rokni S, Rutishauser R, de Salas M F, Schaefer H, Schley R J, Schmidt-Lebuhn A, Shapcott A, Al-Shehbaz I, Shepherd K A, Simmons M P, Simões A O, Simões A R G, Siros M, Smidt E C, Smith J F, Snow N, Soltis D E, Soltis P S, Soreng R J, Sothers C A, Starr J R, Stevens P F, Straub S C K, Struwe L, Taylor J M, Telford I R H, Thornhill A H, Tooth I, Trias-Blasi A, Udovicic F, Utteridge T M A, Del Valle J C, Verboom G A, Vonow H P, Vorontsova M S, de Vos J M, Al-Wattar N, Waycott M, Welker C A D, White A J, Wieringa J J, Williamson L T, Wilson T C, Wong S Y, Woods L A, Woods R, Worboys S, Xanthos M, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Zmarzty S, Zuloaga F O, Antonelli A, Bellot S, Crayn D M, Grace O M, Kersey P J, Leitch I J, Sauquet H, Smith S A, Eiserhardt W L, Forest F, Baker W J. Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/4njn8b accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-12.Description
Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome. Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins. However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes. This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade.Taxonomic Coverages
Geographic Coverages
Bibliographic Citations
- Zuntini, A.R., Carruthers, T., Maurin, O. et al. Phylogenomics and the rise of the angiosperms. Nature (2024). - DOI:10.1038/s41586-024-07324-0
Contacts
Alexandre R. Zuntinioriginator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Tom Carruthers
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Olivier Maurin
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Paul C. Bailey
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Kevin Leempoel
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Grace E. Brewer
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Niroshini Epitawalage
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK;Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
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Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Department of Biodiversity and Conservation, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
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Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia;Systematic, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Bayern, Germany
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Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Centro Studi Erbario Tropicale, Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
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Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Département de Sciences biologiques, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
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Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève, Chambésy, Switzerland
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Cambridge University Botanic Garden, Cambridge, UK
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Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
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The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
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Manuel de la Estrella
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Federico Fabriani
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Michael F. Fay
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Paola de L. Ferreira
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Tim Fulcher
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Mercè Galbany-Casals
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Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Elliot M. Gardner
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Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Dmitry A. German
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Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
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Augusto Giaretta
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Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Marc Gibernau
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Laboratoire Sciences Pour l’Environnement, Université de Corse, Ajaccio, Corsica, France
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Lynn J. Gillespie
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Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
CA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3129-434X
Cynthia C. González
originator
Herbario Trelew, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew, Chubut, Argentina
AR
David J. Goyder
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-7313
Sean W. Graham
originator
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
CA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-5231
Aurélie Grall
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1613-4703
Laura Green
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9498
Bee F. Gunn
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9591-3085
Diego G. Gutiérrez
originator
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
AR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9292-235X
Jan Hackel
originator
Department of Biology, Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-5372
Thomas Haevermans
originator
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
FR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-4544
Anna Haigh
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3435-3501
Jocelyn C. Hall
originator
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
CA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5279-4346
Tony Hall
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Melissa J. Harrison
originator
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-4342
Sebastian A. Hatt
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4887-3508
Oriane Hidalgo
originator
Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
ES
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-8627
Trevor R. Hodkinson
originator
Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
IE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1384-7270
Gareth D. Holmes
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1120-8731
Helen C. F. Hopkins
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Christopher J. Jackson
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-6465
Shelley A. James
originator
Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-1850
Richard W. Jobson
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Gudrun Kadereit
originator
Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Botanische Staatssammlung München, Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Munich, Bayern, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-8769
Imalka M. Kahandawala
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Kent Kainulainen
originator
Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Gothenburg, Sweden
SE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-1778
Masahiro Kato
originator
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
JP
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-2745
Elizabeth A. Kellogg
originator
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-7447
Graham J. King
originator
Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5975-6051
Beata Klejevskaja
originator
Synergy SRG, Luton, Bedfordshire, UK
GB
Bente B. Klitgaard
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-0556
Ronell R. Klopper
originator
Foundational Biodiversity Science Division, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa;Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
ZA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0948-5038
Sandra Knapp
originator
Natural History Museum, London, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945
Marcus A. Koch
originator
Centre for Organismal Studies, Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-6829
James H. Leebens-Mack
originator
Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-2231
Frederic Lens
originator
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
NL
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-0149
Christine J. Leon
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3298-9063
Étienne Léveillé-Bourret
originator
Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
CA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0069-0430
Gwilym P. Lewis
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2599-4577
De-Zhu Li
originator
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
CN
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-724X
Lan Li
originator
CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
AU
Sigrid Liede-Schumann
originator
Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-0335
Tatyana Livshultz
originator
Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;Academy of Natural Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
US
David Lorence
originator
National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI, USA
US
Meng Lu
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2921-1632
Patricia Lu-Irving
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-9402
Jaquelini Luber
originator
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-1710
Eve J. Lucas
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7603-435X
Manuel Luján
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-7269
Mabel Lum
originator
Bioplatforms Australia Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Terry D. Macfarlane
originator
Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-9231
Carlos Magdalena
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Vidal F. Mansano
originator
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-0744
Lizo E. Masters
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Simon J. Mayo
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-4984
Kristina McColl
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Angela J. McDonnell
originator
Department of Biological Sciences, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, MN, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2549-9253
Andrew E. McDougall
originator
The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7713-2800
Todd G. B. McLay
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6405-8007
Hannah McPherson
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0254-4573
Rosa I. Meneses
originator
Instituto de Arqueología y Antropología, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile
BO
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-2757
Vincent S. F. T. Merckx
originator
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
NL
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-8623
Fabián A. Michelangeli
originator
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-143X
John D Mitchell
originator
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
US
Alexandre K. Monro
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-3804
Michael J. Moore
originator
Department of Biology, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2222-8332
Taryn L. Mueller
originator
Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-4776
Klaus Mummenhoff
originator
Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-1593
Jérôme Munzinger
originator
AMAP, Université Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
FR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-2702
Priscilla Muriel
originator
Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
EC
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-8057
Daniel J. Murphy
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-363X
Katharina Nargar
originator
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia;Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-5991
Lars Nauheimer
originator
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-0966
Francis J. Nge
originator
State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-8709
Reto Nyffeler
originator
Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
CH
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-5967
Andrés Orejuela
originator
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK;Grupo de Investigación en Recursos Naturales Amazónicos, Instituto Tecnológico del Putumayo, Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-1478
Edgardo M. Ortiz
originator
Plant Biodiversity, Technical University Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-1671
Luis Palazzesi
originator
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (MACN-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
AR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-4679
Ariane Luna Peixoto
originator
Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1959-8543
Susan K. Pell
originator
U.S. Botanic Garden, Washington DC, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-3225
Jaume Pellicer
originator
Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
ES
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7632-9775
Darin S. Penneys
originator
Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-2829
Oscar A. Perez-Escobar
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Claes Persson
originator
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
SE
Marc Pignal
originator
Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
FR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6772-9299
Yohan Pillon
originator
LSTM, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
FR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1760-329X
José R. Pirani
originator
Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-4457
Gregory M. Plunkett
originator
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-4309
Robyn F. Powell
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Ghillean T. Prance
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-3591
Carmen Puglisi
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-1812
Ming Qin
originator
South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
CN
Richard K. Rabeler
originator
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-0353
Paul E. J. Rees
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Matthew Renner
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2286-7257
Eric H. Roalson
originator
School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1655-3681
Michele Rodda
originator
National Parks Board, Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore
SG
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-6685
Zachary S. Rogers
originator
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-0960
Saba Rokni
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Rolf Rutishauser
originator
Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
CH
Miguel F. de Salas
originator
Tasmanian Herbarium, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7148-639X
Hanno Schaefer
originator
Plant Biodiversity, Technical University Munich, Freising, Bayern, Germany
DE
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-3987
Rowan J. Schley
originator
University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1532-5353
Alexander Schmidt-Lebuhn
originator
Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7402-8941
Alison Shapcott
originator
School of Science Technology and Engineering, Center for Bioinnovation, University Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3734-052X
Ihsan Al-Shehbaz
originator
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-4005
Kelly A. Shepherd
originator
Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-7891
Mark P. Simmons
originator
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-4633
Andre O. Simões
originator
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-8759
Ana Rita G. Simões
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7267-8353
Michelle Siros
originator
University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4275-1641
Eric C. Smidt
originator
Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1177-1682
James F. Smith
originator
Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
US
Neil Snow
originator
Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-7259
Douglas E. Soltis
originator
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
US
Pamela S. Soltis
originator
Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-8659
Robert J. Soreng
originator
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-4915
Cynthia A. Sothers
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Julian R. Starr
originator
Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
CA
Peter F. Stevens
originator
Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
US
Shannon C. K. Straub
originator
Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-9043
Lena Struwe
originator
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-5758
Jennifer M. Taylor
originator
CSIRO, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-0181
Ian R. H. Telford
originator
Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Andrew H. Thornhill
originator
Botany and N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium, University of New England, New South Wales, Australia;State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-5725
Ifeanna Tooth
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Anna Trias-Blasi
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-3222
Frank Udovicic
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-8444
Timothy M. A. Utteridge
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-0337
Jose C. Del Valle
originator
Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
ES
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-6208
G. Anthony Verboom
originator
Department of Biological Sciences and Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
ZA
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-9781
Helen P. Vonow
originator
State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-4101
Maria S. Vorontsova
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-1120
Jurriaan M. de Vos
originator
Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
CH
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-7774
Noor Al-Wattar
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Michelle Waycott
originator
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia;State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-0564
Cassiano A. D. Welker
originator
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
BR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-341X
Adam J. White
originator
Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
AU
Jan J. Wieringa
originator
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
NL
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0566-372X
Luis T. Williamson
originator
The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-6773
Trevor C. Wilson
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-0521
Sin Yeng Wong
originator
Institute of Biodiversity And Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
MY
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-9672
Lisa A. Woods
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
Roseina Woods
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Stuart Worboys
originator
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-4509
Martin Xanthos
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Ya Yang
originator
University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-0984
Yu-Xiao Zhang
originator
Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
CN
Meng-Yuan Zhou
originator
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
CN
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-8494
Sue Zmarzty
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
Fernando O. Zuloaga
originator
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
AR
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-539X
Alexandre Antonelli
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK;Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-9297
Sidonie Bellot
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-237X
Darren M. Crayn
originator
Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Queensland, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6614-4216
Olwen M. Grace
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK;Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2761
Paul J. Kersey
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-800X
Ilia J. Leitch
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-8186
Hervé Sauquet
originator
National Herbarium of NSW, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Mount Annan, New South Wales, Australia
AU
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8305-3236
Stephen A. Smith
originator
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
US
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-9531
Wolf L. Eiserhardt
originator
Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark;Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
DK
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-5233
Félix Forest
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2004-433X
William J. Baker
originator
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK
GB
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-1831