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Flora Sumatra: Digitizing and data basing specimens of the Sumatran Flora deposited at Herbarium Universitas Andalas (ANDA)-Part 2

Dataset homepage

Citation

Nurainas N, Taufiq A, Handika H, Harapan T S, Syamsuardi S (2022). Flora Sumatra: Digitizing and data basing specimens of the Sumatran Flora deposited at Herbarium Universitas Andalas (ANDA)-Part 2. Version 1.8. Herbarium of Andalas University. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/55evew accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-08-09.

Description

Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) is one of the active herbaria in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our herbarium host specimens mainly from Sumatra and adjacent islands, but limited numbers of collections also available from elsewhere. Since its establishment in 1983, the herbarium collections have grown with over 65,000 sheets of specimens. Although the collections are actively being used for research and education by locals and internationals, the lack of a database system has made the collections hard to access. Since 2018, we have worked with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to catalog and digitize our collections. Here we reviewed our cataloged specimens. Until now, we have cataloged more than 31,000 of sheet specimens from 1700 species in 340 genera and 29 families of vascular plants. Those are reported in several datasets. This dataset elucidated the geo-referenced data from 676 species in 255 genera within 14 families of vascular plants. Among all of the families we have cataloged here are Acanthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Primulaceae, Rutaceae, Ulmaceae. Among them are 3 species that are endemic to Sumatra, Endangered (1 species) , Near Threatened (1 species), Vulnerable (8 species), Least concern (79 species) and 1 species protected under Indonesian government regulation. This data mobilazation program is our first step to improve research and education for plant species in Sumatra.

Purpose

The aim of this project is to digitize the specimens hosted at the Herbarium ANDA, to publish a checklist of the flora of Sumatra, and to promote the database of Sumatran plant diversity.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The collections hosted at the Herbarium ANDA were from research projects of faculties, foreign researchers, and students at the university. The collecting methods were using the standard collecting method for dried specimens. A few donated specimens were collected based on the collecting method used at the institutions from the specimen originated. The duplicates of the specimens were hosted across several herbarium, such as Bogoriense (BO), Singapore Botanical Garden (SING), and Botanical Garden of Edinburgh (E). The duplicate specimens that have not been sent were hosted at a designated room for duplicate specimens at the Herbarium ANDA. Every year, we add around 200 sheets of new specimens into the herbarium.

Sampling

The collecting method for the dried specimens was referred to published procedures of preparing herbarium materials (Bridson and Forman,1992). The plant materials were collected and pressed in the field then mounted on an A2 paper after the specimens were dried. Before installation into the herbarium cabinets, the specimens were put into plastic bags. Every sheet of specimens was labeled with the standard information for herbarium collections, including taxonomic identification, locality information, geo-references, collector information, and ecological data. For insect control, we freeze the specimens periodically in -20 degrees Celsius freezer for 72 hours. All of the specimens were stored in the herbarium cabinets. The storage rooms were equipped with temperature and humidity control. All of the specimens were in alphabetical orders based on the families, grouped in several groups of plants, such as dicots, monocots, ferns, and mosses.

Quality Control

We divided our working groups into two groups: a) taxonomic determination or identification group and b) data geo-referencing group. For taxonomic determination, the identification was verified by experts on the designated taxa, and also was using book references for the taxa (Ashton, 1982; Van Der Meijden, 1984; Kalkman, 1993; Shaw, 1981). The experts are writers and researchers for the area of studies and have published using the materials at the Herbarium ANDA (Utami, 2006; Hughes, 2009, 2015, Hernawati, 2006). The datum references for each coordinate were collected from the specimen labels using the WGS84 standard. If the coordinate of the locations was not recorded on the labels, we used Google Map to obtain the coordinate based on the locality information of the villages recorded on the labels.

Method steps

  1. The information on the specimen labels is our main data source. For data collection, we conducted in three steps: data capture, data cleaning, and data publication. In the data capture process, we collected all the information on the specimen’s label, and we input the information into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets using Darwin-Core format. In this process, we grouped the specimen information into three groups, consisting of data occurrence, taxon information, and event. We save the file in csv (comma-separated values) format. We included specimen photos and scanning data into the database incorporated in associateMedia field. All the images were stored in flickr-pro media, which then will link with the filed in the dataset. We conducted data cleaning to ensure consistency and standardized data input for the dataset. We used OpenRefine for batch error handling, Canadensys tools for coordinate conversion, and Splink for coordinate verification. To verify the taxonomic nomenclature, we used resolver, iPlant collaborative, ECAT, and Plant list. All the tools we used are open-source software or available as an open online platform. Data publication includes data publishing on GBIF and scientific papers. We published all the dataset that has been cleaned and verified according to our standard on GBIF website using Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) available through the link http://ipt.biologi.lipi.go.id/. After verified by GBIF, all the data will be published under the publisher Herbarium of Andalas University, available through the link https://www.gbif.org/publisher/43f4255c-f218-4a17-857a-ba3ac8456191. The data paper is written following the metadata template available in the IPT. For scientific papers, we will publish the data following the targeted journal format.

Taxonomic Coverages

We have digitized 17,600 sheets of specimens in the group of Magnoliopsida. Consisting of 14 families: Acanthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Primulaceae, Rutaceae and Ulmaceae. In total, we have digitized 631 species, 118 in genera rank and 194 in family rank. The most digitized specimens in amount are Leguminosae and Melastomataceae. Among all of the species that have been digitized, 96 species are listed in IUCN Redlist database, consisting of Least Concern (85 species), Data Deficient (3 species), Vulnerable (6 species), Near Threatened (1 species) and Endangered (1 species) (IUCN, 2019).
  1. Acanthus ilicifolius
    common name: Jeruju rank: species
  2. Andrographis paniculata
    common name: Sambiloto rank: species
  3. Asystasia gangetica
    common name: Rumput israel rank: species
  4. Graptophyllum pictum
    common name: Caricature plant rank: species
  5. Justicia adhatoda
    common name: Baja hitam rank: species
  6. Justicia gendarussa
    common name: Gandarusa rank: species
  7. Justicia procumbens
    common name: Water willow rank: species
  8. Pachystachys lutea
    common name: Lolipop rank: species
  9. Sanchezia nobilis
    common name: Marathi rank: species
  10. Strobilanthes hamiltoniana
    common name: Bunga lonceng cina rank: species
  11. Anacardium occidentale
    common name: Jambu monyet rank: species
  12. Bouea oppositifolia
    common name: Plum Mango rank: species
  13. Buchanania arborescens
    common name: Sparrow's mango rank: species
  14. Campnosperma auriculatum
    common name: Tarantang rank: species
  15. Gluta elegans
    common name: Rengas rank: species
  16. Mangifera odorata
    common name: Kuwini rank: species
  17. Anaxagorea javanica
    common name: Akar angin rank: species
  18. Annona muricata
    common name: Sirsak rank: species
  19. Annona reticulata
    common name: Buah nona rank: species
  20. Cananga odorata
    common name: Kenanga rank: species
  21. Meiogyne cylindrocarpa
    common name: Indian rosewood rank: species
  22. Monoon fuscum
    common name: Mempisang rank: species
  23. Polyalthia cauliflora
    common name: Merpisang rank: species
  24. Adenium obesum
    common name: Desert rose rank: species
  25. Allamanda cathartica
    common name: Allamanda rank: species
  26. Alstonia angustiloba
    common name: Pulai Hitam rank: species
  27. Alstonia macrophylla
    common name: Pulai rank: species
  28. Alstonia scholaris
    common name: Pulai rank: species
  29. Alstonia spatulata
    common name: Pulai gabus rank: species
  30. Alyxia
    common name: Palasan rank: genus
  31. Catharanthus roseus
    common name: Tapak dara rank: species
  32. Dyera costulata
    common name: Jelutung rank: species
  33. Kopsia fruticosa
    common name: Kopsia merah muda rank: species
  34. Nerium oleander
    common name: Bunga jepun rank: species
  35. Plumeria rubra
    common name: Bunga kamboja rank: species
  36. Tabernaemontana divaricata
    common name: Melati mini rank: species
  37. Tabernaemontana pauciflora
    common name: Melati hias rank: species
  38. Voacanga foetida
    common name: Kalempong gajah rank: species
  39. Acmella paniculata
    common name: Jotang rank: species
  40. Adenostemma lavenia
    common name: Palau rank: species
  41. Ageratum conyzoides
    common name: Siamih rank: species
  42. Anaphalis javanica
    common name: Edelweiss jawa rank: species
  43. Anaphalis latifolia
    common name: Edelweiss rank: species
  44. Anaphalis longifolia
    common name: Anaphalis rank: species
  45. Artemisia vulgaris
    common name: Baru cina rank: species
  46. Bidens pilosa
    common name: Ketul rank: species
  47. Clibadium surinamense
    common name: Conami rank: species
  48. Conyza sumatrensis
    common name: Tall fleabane rank: species
  49. Coreopsis grandiflora
    common name: Large-flowered tickseed rank: species
  50. Cosmos caudatus
    common name: Ulam raja rank: species
  51. Cosmos sulphureus
    common name: Sulfur cosmos rank: species
  52. Eclipta prostrata
    common name: Urang aring rank: species
  53. Elephantopus tomentosus
    common name: Woolly Elephant's Foot rank: species
  54. Erechtites valerianifolia
    common name: Tropical burnweed rank: species
  55. Euchiton japonicus
    common name: Father-and-child plant rank: species
  56. Chromolaena odorata
    common name: Communist pacha rank: species
  57. Gynura procumbens
    common name: Longevity spinach rank: species
  58. Helianthus annuus
    common name: Bunga matahari rank: species
  59. Siegesbeckia orientalis
    common name: Common St. Paul's Wort rank: species
  60. Tagetes erecta
    common name: Bunga tai ayam rank: species
  61. Wollastonia biflora
    common name: Wedelia rank: species
  62. Ipomoea
    common name: Katang-katang rank: species
  63. Ipomoea aquatica
    common name: Kangkung rank: species
  64. Ipomoea batatas
    common name: Ubi jalar rank: species
  65. Ipomoea cairica
    common name: Ubi kates rank: species
  66. Ipomoea mauritiana
    common name: Akar lanar rank: species
  67. Ipomoea obscura
    common name: Obscure morning glory rank: species
  68. Ipomoea pes-caprae
    common name: Katang-katang rank: species
  69. Ipomoea quamoclit
    common name: Rincik bumi rank: species
  70. Ipomoea triloba
    common name: Three-lobe morning glory rank: species
  71. Jacquemontia tomentella
    common name: Akar kumiet rank: species
  72. Cucurbita moschata
    common name: Labu kuning rank: species
  73. Gynostemma pentaphyllum
    common name: Five-leaf ginseng rank: species
  74. Diospyros malabarica
    common name: Culiket rank: species
  75. Diospyros perfida
    common name: Tuba api rank: species
  76. Diospyros sumatrana
    common name: Kayu arang rank: species
  77. Diospyros wallichii
    common name: Kayu malam rank: species
  78. Actinodaphne borneensis
    common name: Madang rank: species
  79. Actinodaphne ellipticibacca
    common name: Madang rank: species
  80. Actinodaphne glabra
    common name: Madang rank: species
  81. Actinodaphne johorensis
    common name: Madang rank: species
  82. Actinodaphne sesquipedalis
    common name: Madang rank: species
  83. Cinnamomum burmannii
    common name: Kulik manih rank: species
  84. Cinnamomum tenuifolium
    common name: Japan cinnamon rank: species
  85. Cinnamomum javanicum
    common name: Kayu tuha rank: species
  86. Cinnamomum porrectum
    common name: Thep Taro rank: species
  87. Persea americana
    common name: Pokat rank: species
  88. Phoebe grandis
    common name: Madang silau rank: species
  89. Phoebe macrophylla
    common name: Madang kuning rank: species
  90. Abrus precatorius
    common name: Sago rank: species
  91. Acacia auriculiformis
    common name: Akasia rank: species
  92. Acacia mangium
    common name: Akasia rank: species
  93. Adenanthera pavonina
    common name: Sago rank: species
  94. Aeschynomene americana
    common name: American joint vetch rank: species
  95. Aeschynomene indica
    common name: Indian joint vetch rank: species
  96. Arachis hypogaea
    common name: Kacang tanah rank: species
  97. Archidendron jiringa
    common name: Jariang rank: species
  98. Bauhinia acuminata
    common name: Bunga kupu-kupu putih rank: species
  99. Bauhinia bidentata
    common name: Climbing bauhinia rank: species
  100. Bauhinia kockiana
    common name: Orange bauhinia rank: species
  101. Bauhinia purpurea
    common name: Tayuman rank: species
  102. Bauhinia semibifida
    common name: Butterfly climber rank: species
  103. Bauhinia tomentosa
    common name: Anggrek lonceng kuning rank: species
  104. Bauhinia variegata
    common name: Mountain ebony rank: species
  105. Caesalpinia crista
    common name: Kebiul rank: species
  106. Caesalpinia pulcherrima
    common name: Kembang merak rank: species
  107. Cajanus cajan
    common name: Kacang gude rank: species
  108. Callerya atropurpurea
    common name: Kasae rank: species
  109. Calliandra calothyrsus
    common name: Kaliandra rank: species
  110. Calopogonium mucunoides
    common name: Kalopo rank: species
  111. Canavalia gladiata
    common name: Kacang Koro Pedang rank: species
  112. Cassia fistula
    common name: Golden shower tree rank: species
  113. Cassia grandis
    common name: Pink shower tree rank: species
  114. Cassia javanica
    common name: Java cassia rank: species
  115. Senna siamea
    common name: Johar rank: species
  116. Centrosema pubescens
    common name: Butterfly pea rank: species
  117. Clitoria ternatea
    common name: Bunga telang rank: species
  118. Crotalaria incana
    common name: Shakeshake rank: species
  119. Crotalaria juncea
    common name: Orok-orok rank: species
  120. Crotalaria verrucosa
    common name: Blue rattlepod rank: species
  121. Desmodium heterocarpon subsp. Ovalifolium
    common name: Sweetheart rank: species
  122. Erythrina variegata
    common name: Dadap rank: species
  123. Flemingia macrophylla
    common name: Enoki-mame rank: species
  124. Flemingia strobilifera
    common name: Wild hops rank: species
  125. Glycine max
    common name: Kacang kedele rank: species
  126. Leucaena leucocephala
    common name: Leadtrees rank: species
  127. Mucuna pruriens
    common name: Kacang babi rank: species
  128. Pachyrhizus erosus
    common name: Bengkoang rank: species
  129. Parkia speciosa
    common name: Patai rank: species
  130. Phaseolus lunatus
    common name: Kacang lima rank: species
  131. Phaseolus vulgaris
    common name: Buncis rank: species
  132. Phyllodium pulchellum
    common name: Showy desmodium rank: species
  133. Pterocarpus indicus
    common name: Angsano rank: species
  134. Saraca indica
    common name: Pohon asoka rank: species
  135. Senna alata
    common name: Ketepeng cina rank: species
  136. Vigna radiata
    common name: Kacang hijau rank: species
  137. Bellucia pentamera
    common name: Jambu lelen rank: species
  138. Clidemia hirta
    common name: Senduduk bulu rank: species
  139. Melastoma malabathricum
    common name: Sikaduduak rank: species
  140. Memecylon acuminatissimum
    common name: Mutik rank: species
  141. Pachycentria constricta
    common name: Whitethorn acacia rank: species
  142. Pternandra azurea
    common name: Siri-siri rank: species
  143. Ardisia purpurea
    common name: Kayu lundong rank: species
  144. Aegiceras corniculatum
    common name: Black mangrove rank: species
  145. Ardisia
    common name: Coralberry rank: genus
  146. Ardisia elliptica
    common name: Lempeni rank: species
  147. Ardisia javanica
    common name: Marlberry rank: species
  148. Ardisia teysmanniana
    common name: Kumpang rank: species
  149. Citrus amblycarpa
    common name: Limau rank: species
  150. Citrus x aurantiifolia
    common name: Jeruk nipis rank: species
  151. Citrus japonica
    common name: Kumquat rank: species
  152. Citrus maxima
    common name: Jeruk bali rank: species
  153. Citrus medica
    common name: Jeruk sukade rank: species
  154. Citrus sinensis
    common name: Jeruk manis rank: species
  155. Clausena excavata
    common name: Sicerek rank: species
  156. Murraya paniculata
    common name: Kemuning rank: species
  157. Trema orientalis
    common name: Indarung rank: species
  158. Acanthaceae
    common name: Acanthus rank: family
  159. Anacardiaceae
    common name: Mangga-manggaan rank: family
  160. Annonaceae
    common name: Custard Apple rank: family
  161. Apocynaceae
    common name: Dogbane rank: family
  162. Compositae
    common name: Aster rank: family
  163. Convolvulaceae
    common name: Binweed rank: family
  164. Cucurbitaceae
    common name: Labu-labuan rank: family
  165. Ebenaceae
    common name: Kayu Hitam rank: family
  166. Lauraceae
    common name: Madang-madangan rank: family
  167. Leguminosae
    common name: Polong-polongan rank: family
  168. Melastomataceae
    common name: Melastomata rank: family
  169. Primulaceae
    common name: Primrose rank: family
  170. Rutaceae
    common name: Jeruk-jerukan rank: family
  171. Ulmaceae
    common name: Elms rank: family

Geographic Coverages

The specimens hosted at the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) are primarily from Sumatra. With 473,481 km² in size, the island is the sixth biggest island in the world. It is tropical island located at the coordinate 0° 0′ 0″ N, 102° 0′ 0″ E. The specimens hosted at the herbarium were from several provinces, such as West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau, North Sumatra, Aceh, Bengkulu and Lampung. The specimens were also collected from conservation areas on Sumatra, such as the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Siberut National Park, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lurah Berangin Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Forest Park Conservation Area, and Syarif Hasyim Forest Park Conservation Area. All of the collections were collected from wide range of altitudinal elevations and habitats, from lowland tropical forest up to highland forest as well as montane forest on the Bukit Barisan Mountains. In general, the collections were from volcanoes on Sumatra, such as Mt. Sibayak, Mt. Sinabung, Mt. Sorik Merapi, Mt. Pangulubao, Mt. Sibuatan, Mt. Talamau, Mt. Sago, Mt. Marapi, Mt. Singgalang, Mt. Tandikek, Mt. Gadut, Mt. Talang, Mt. Tujuh, Mt. Kerinci, Mt. Pesagi.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. AKHRIADI, P., PRIMALDHI, A. and HAMBALI, M., 2008. Nepenthes naga, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Bukit Barisan of Sumatra. Reinwardtia, 12(5), pp.339-342. -
  2. Ashton, P. S. 1982. Flora Malesiana. Series I-Spermatophyta. Flowering Plants Vol. 9, part 2, Dipterocarpaceae. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague, Boston, London. -
  3. Bridson, D., Forman, L. 1992. The Herbarium Handbook. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd. Great Britain. -
  4. Hernawati and Pitra A. 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. Nepenthes Team and PILI-NGO Movement. Bogor. Indonesia. -
  5. Hughes, M., GIRMANSYAH, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2009. Seven new species of Begonia from Sumatra. Gard. Bull. Singapore, 61, pp.29-44. -
  6. Hughes, M., Girmansyah, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2015. Further discoveries in the ever-expanding genus Begonia (Begoniaceae): fifteen new species from Sumatra. European journal of Taxonomy, (167). -
  7. IUCN. 2018. https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed in Februari 2019. Kalkman, C. (1993). Rosaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 11(2), 227-351. -
  8. Kemetrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018. Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan Satwa yang dilindungi. -
  9. Lee, C.I.C. and Akhriadi, P., 2006. Two new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 51(3), pp.561-568. -
  10. Plant List. 2019. http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed Februari 2019. Shaw, H. A. (1981). the Euphorbiaceae of Sumatra. Kew Bulletin, 239-374. -
  11. Utami, N. 2006. Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae) ednemik di Sumatera dan potensi sebaaga tanaman hias. Biodiversitas. Vol. 7 (2) 2006: 135-138 -
  12. Van Der Meijden, R. (1984). Polygalaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 10(1), 455-539. -

Contacts

Nurainas Nurainas
originator
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
Ahmad Taufiq
originator
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Bandar Buat
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Heru Handika
originator
position: Researcher
Museum of Natural Science and Department Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge
US
Telephone: +12259165691
email: handika.heru@gmail.com
Try Surya Harapan
originator
position: Content Provider
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Palimo Indah
Padang
West Sumatra
ID
Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
originator
position: Curator
Laboratory of Plant taxonomy, Department of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University
Parak Karakah
Padang
West Sumatra
Telephone: +6281374777749
email: anes82@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
metadata author
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Bandar Buat
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
user
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Nurainas Nurainas
administrative point of contact
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
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