Flora Sumatra: Digitizing and data basing specimens of the Sumatran Flora deposited at Herbarium Universitas Andalas (ANDA)-Part 2
Citation
Nurainas N, Taufiq A, Handika H, Harapan T S, Syamsuardi S (2022). Flora Sumatra: Digitizing and data basing specimens of the Sumatran Flora deposited at Herbarium Universitas Andalas (ANDA)-Part 2. Version 1.8. Herbarium of Andalas University. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/55evew accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-11-14.Description
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) is one of the active herbaria in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our herbarium host specimens mainly from Sumatra and adjacent islands, but limited numbers of collections also available from elsewhere. Since its establishment in 1983, the herbarium collections have grown with over 65,000 sheets of specimens. Although the collections are actively being used for research and education by locals and internationals, the lack of a database system has made the collections hard to access. Since 2018, we have worked with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to catalog and digitize our collections. Here we reviewed our cataloged specimens. Until now, we have cataloged more than 31,000 of sheet specimens from 1700 species in 340 genera and 29 families of vascular plants. Those are reported in several datasets. This dataset elucidated the geo-referenced data from 676 species in 255 genera within 14 families of vascular plants. Among all of the families we have cataloged here are Acanthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Primulaceae, Rutaceae, Ulmaceae. Among them are 3 species that are endemic to Sumatra, Endangered (1 species) , Near Threatened (1 species), Vulnerable (8 species), Least concern (79 species) and 1 species protected under Indonesian government regulation. This data mobilazation program is our first step to improve research and education for plant species in Sumatra.Purpose
The aim of this project is to digitize the specimens hosted at the Herbarium ANDA, to publish a checklist of the flora of Sumatra, and to promote the database of Sumatran plant diversity.
Sampling Description
Study Extent
The collections hosted at the Herbarium ANDA were from research projects of faculties, foreign researchers, and students at the university. The collecting methods were using the standard collecting method for dried specimens. A few donated specimens were collected based on the collecting method used at the institutions from the specimen originated. The duplicates of the specimens were hosted across several herbarium, such as Bogoriense (BO), Singapore Botanical Garden (SING), and Botanical Garden of Edinburgh (E). The duplicate specimens that have not been sent were hosted at a designated room for duplicate specimens at the Herbarium ANDA. Every year, we add around 200 sheets of new specimens into the herbarium.Sampling
The collecting method for the dried specimens was referred to published procedures of preparing herbarium materials (Bridson and Forman,1992). The plant materials were collected and pressed in the field then mounted on an A2 paper after the specimens were dried. Before installation into the herbarium cabinets, the specimens were put into plastic bags. Every sheet of specimens was labeled with the standard information for herbarium collections, including taxonomic identification, locality information, geo-references, collector information, and ecological data. For insect control, we freeze the specimens periodically in -20 degrees Celsius freezer for 72 hours. All of the specimens were stored in the herbarium cabinets. The storage rooms were equipped with temperature and humidity control. All of the specimens were in alphabetical orders based on the families, grouped in several groups of plants, such as dicots, monocots, ferns, and mosses.Quality Control
We divided our working groups into two groups: a) taxonomic determination or identification group and b) data geo-referencing group. For taxonomic determination, the identification was verified by experts on the designated taxa, and also was using book references for the taxa (Ashton, 1982; Van Der Meijden, 1984; Kalkman, 1993; Shaw, 1981). The experts are writers and researchers for the area of studies and have published using the materials at the Herbarium ANDA (Utami, 2006; Hughes, 2009, 2015, Hernawati, 2006). The datum references for each coordinate were collected from the specimen labels using the WGS84 standard. If the coordinate of the locations was not recorded on the labels, we used Google Map to obtain the coordinate based on the locality information of the villages recorded on the labels.Method steps
- The information on the specimen labels is our main data source. For data collection, we conducted in three steps: data capture, data cleaning, and data publication. In the data capture process, we collected all the information on the specimen’s label, and we input the information into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets using Darwin-Core format. In this process, we grouped the specimen information into three groups, consisting of data occurrence, taxon information, and event. We save the file in csv (comma-separated values) format. We included specimen photos and scanning data into the database incorporated in associateMedia field. All the images were stored in flickr-pro media, which then will link with the filed in the dataset. We conducted data cleaning to ensure consistency and standardized data input for the dataset. We used OpenRefine for batch error handling, Canadensys tools for coordinate conversion, and Splink for coordinate verification. To verify the taxonomic nomenclature, we used resolver, iPlant collaborative, ECAT, and Plant list. All the tools we used are open-source software or available as an open online platform. Data publication includes data publishing on GBIF and scientific papers. We published all the dataset that has been cleaned and verified according to our standard on GBIF website using Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) available through the link http://ipt.biologi.lipi.go.id/. After verified by GBIF, all the data will be published under the publisher Herbarium of Andalas University, available through the link https://www.gbif.org/publisher/43f4255c-f218-4a17-857a-ba3ac8456191. The data paper is written following the metadata template available in the IPT. For scientific papers, we will publish the data following the targeted journal format.
Taxonomic Coverages
We have digitized 17,600 sheets of specimens in the group of Magnoliopsida. Consisting of 14 families: Acanthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Apocynaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Primulaceae, Rutaceae and Ulmaceae. In total, we have digitized 631 species, 118 in genera rank and 194 in family rank. The most digitized specimens in amount are Leguminosae and Melastomataceae. Among all of the species that have been digitized, 96 species are listed in IUCN Redlist database, consisting of Least Concern (85 species), Data Deficient (3 species), Vulnerable (6 species), Near Threatened (1 species) and Endangered (1 species) (IUCN, 2019).
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Acanthus ilicifoliuscommon name: Jeruju rank: species
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Andrographis paniculatacommon name: Sambiloto rank: species
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Asystasia gangeticacommon name: Rumput israel rank: species
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Graptophyllum pictumcommon name: Caricature plant rank: species
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Justicia adhatodacommon name: Baja hitam rank: species
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Justicia gendarussacommon name: Gandarusa rank: species
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Justicia procumbenscommon name: Water willow rank: species
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Pachystachys luteacommon name: Lolipop rank: species
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Sanchezia nobiliscommon name: Marathi rank: species
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Strobilanthes hamiltonianacommon name: Bunga lonceng cina rank: species
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Anacardium occidentalecommon name: Jambu monyet rank: species
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Bouea oppositifoliacommon name: Plum Mango rank: species
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Buchanania arborescenscommon name: Sparrow's mango rank: species
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Campnosperma auriculatumcommon name: Tarantang rank: species
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Gluta eleganscommon name: Rengas rank: species
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Mangifera odoratacommon name: Kuwini rank: species
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Anaxagorea javanicacommon name: Akar angin rank: species
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Annona muricatacommon name: Sirsak rank: species
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Annona reticulatacommon name: Buah nona rank: species
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Cananga odoratacommon name: Kenanga rank: species
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Meiogyne cylindrocarpacommon name: Indian rosewood rank: species
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Monoon fuscumcommon name: Mempisang rank: species
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Polyalthia caulifloracommon name: Merpisang rank: species
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Adenium obesumcommon name: Desert rose rank: species
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Allamanda catharticacommon name: Allamanda rank: species
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Alstonia angustilobacommon name: Pulai Hitam rank: species
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Alstonia macrophyllacommon name: Pulai rank: species
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Alstonia scholariscommon name: Pulai rank: species
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Alstonia spatulatacommon name: Pulai gabus rank: species
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Alyxiacommon name: Palasan rank: genus
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Catharanthus roseuscommon name: Tapak dara rank: species
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Dyera costulatacommon name: Jelutung rank: species
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Kopsia fruticosacommon name: Kopsia merah muda rank: species
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Nerium oleandercommon name: Bunga jepun rank: species
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Plumeria rubracommon name: Bunga kamboja rank: species
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Tabernaemontana divaricatacommon name: Melati mini rank: species
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Tabernaemontana paucifloracommon name: Melati hias rank: species
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Voacanga foetidacommon name: Kalempong gajah rank: species
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Acmella paniculatacommon name: Jotang rank: species
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Adenostemma laveniacommon name: Palau rank: species
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Ageratum conyzoidescommon name: Siamih rank: species
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Anaphalis javanicacommon name: Edelweiss jawa rank: species
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Anaphalis latifoliacommon name: Edelweiss rank: species
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Anaphalis longifoliacommon name: Anaphalis rank: species
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Artemisia vulgariscommon name: Baru cina rank: species
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Bidens pilosacommon name: Ketul rank: species
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Clibadium surinamensecommon name: Conami rank: species
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Conyza sumatrensiscommon name: Tall fleabane rank: species
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Coreopsis grandifloracommon name: Large-flowered tickseed rank: species
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Cosmos caudatuscommon name: Ulam raja rank: species
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Cosmos sulphureuscommon name: Sulfur cosmos rank: species
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Eclipta prostratacommon name: Urang aring rank: species
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Elephantopus tomentosuscommon name: Woolly Elephant's Foot rank: species
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Erechtites valerianifoliacommon name: Tropical burnweed rank: species
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Euchiton japonicuscommon name: Father-and-child plant rank: species
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Chromolaena odoratacommon name: Communist pacha rank: species
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Gynura procumbenscommon name: Longevity spinach rank: species
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Helianthus annuuscommon name: Bunga matahari rank: species
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Siegesbeckia orientaliscommon name: Common St. Paul's Wort rank: species
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Tagetes erectacommon name: Bunga tai ayam rank: species
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Wollastonia bifloracommon name: Wedelia rank: species
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Ipomoeacommon name: Katang-katang rank: species
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Ipomoea aquaticacommon name: Kangkung rank: species
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Ipomoea batatascommon name: Ubi jalar rank: species
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Ipomoea cairicacommon name: Ubi kates rank: species
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Ipomoea mauritianacommon name: Akar lanar rank: species
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Ipomoea obscuracommon name: Obscure morning glory rank: species
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Ipomoea pes-capraecommon name: Katang-katang rank: species
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Ipomoea quamoclitcommon name: Rincik bumi rank: species
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Ipomoea trilobacommon name: Three-lobe morning glory rank: species
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Jacquemontia tomentellacommon name: Akar kumiet rank: species
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Cucurbita moschatacommon name: Labu kuning rank: species
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Gynostemma pentaphyllumcommon name: Five-leaf ginseng rank: species
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Diospyros malabaricacommon name: Culiket rank: species
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Diospyros perfidacommon name: Tuba api rank: species
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Diospyros sumatranacommon name: Kayu arang rank: species
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Diospyros wallichiicommon name: Kayu malam rank: species
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Actinodaphne borneensiscommon name: Madang rank: species
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Actinodaphne ellipticibaccacommon name: Madang rank: species
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Actinodaphne glabracommon name: Madang rank: species
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Actinodaphne johorensiscommon name: Madang rank: species
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Actinodaphne sesquipedaliscommon name: Madang rank: species
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Cinnamomum burmanniicommon name: Kulik manih rank: species
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Cinnamomum tenuifoliumcommon name: Japan cinnamon rank: species
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Cinnamomum javanicumcommon name: Kayu tuha rank: species
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Cinnamomum porrectumcommon name: Thep Taro rank: species
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Persea americanacommon name: Pokat rank: species
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Phoebe grandiscommon name: Madang silau rank: species
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Phoebe macrophyllacommon name: Madang kuning rank: species
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Abrus precatoriuscommon name: Sago rank: species
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Acacia auriculiformiscommon name: Akasia rank: species
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Acacia mangiumcommon name: Akasia rank: species
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Adenanthera pavoninacommon name: Sago rank: species
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Aeschynomene americanacommon name: American joint vetch rank: species
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Aeschynomene indicacommon name: Indian joint vetch rank: species
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Arachis hypogaeacommon name: Kacang tanah rank: species
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Archidendron jiringacommon name: Jariang rank: species
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Bauhinia acuminatacommon name: Bunga kupu-kupu putih rank: species
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Bauhinia bidentatacommon name: Climbing bauhinia rank: species
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Bauhinia kockianacommon name: Orange bauhinia rank: species
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Bauhinia purpureacommon name: Tayuman rank: species
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Bauhinia semibifidacommon name: Butterfly climber rank: species
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Bauhinia tomentosacommon name: Anggrek lonceng kuning rank: species
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Bauhinia variegatacommon name: Mountain ebony rank: species
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Caesalpinia cristacommon name: Kebiul rank: species
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Caesalpinia pulcherrimacommon name: Kembang merak rank: species
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Cajanus cajancommon name: Kacang gude rank: species
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Callerya atropurpureacommon name: Kasae rank: species
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Calliandra calothyrsuscommon name: Kaliandra rank: species
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Calopogonium mucunoidescommon name: Kalopo rank: species
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Canavalia gladiatacommon name: Kacang Koro Pedang rank: species
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Cassia fistulacommon name: Golden shower tree rank: species
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Cassia grandiscommon name: Pink shower tree rank: species
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Cassia javanicacommon name: Java cassia rank: species
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Senna siameacommon name: Johar rank: species
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Centrosema pubescenscommon name: Butterfly pea rank: species
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Clitoria ternateacommon name: Bunga telang rank: species
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Crotalaria incanacommon name: Shakeshake rank: species
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Crotalaria junceacommon name: Orok-orok rank: species
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Crotalaria verrucosacommon name: Blue rattlepod rank: species
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Desmodium heterocarpon subsp. Ovalifoliumcommon name: Sweetheart rank: species
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Erythrina variegatacommon name: Dadap rank: species
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Flemingia macrophyllacommon name: Enoki-mame rank: species
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Flemingia strobiliferacommon name: Wild hops rank: species
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Glycine maxcommon name: Kacang kedele rank: species
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Leucaena leucocephalacommon name: Leadtrees rank: species
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Mucuna prurienscommon name: Kacang babi rank: species
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Pachyrhizus erosuscommon name: Bengkoang rank: species
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Parkia speciosacommon name: Patai rank: species
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Phaseolus lunatuscommon name: Kacang lima rank: species
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Phaseolus vulgariscommon name: Buncis rank: species
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Phyllodium pulchellumcommon name: Showy desmodium rank: species
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Pterocarpus indicuscommon name: Angsano rank: species
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Saraca indicacommon name: Pohon asoka rank: species
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Senna alatacommon name: Ketepeng cina rank: species
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Vigna radiatacommon name: Kacang hijau rank: species
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Bellucia pentameracommon name: Jambu lelen rank: species
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Clidemia hirtacommon name: Senduduk bulu rank: species
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Melastoma malabathricumcommon name: Sikaduduak rank: species
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Memecylon acuminatissimumcommon name: Mutik rank: species
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Pachycentria constrictacommon name: Whitethorn acacia rank: species
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Pternandra azureacommon name: Siri-siri rank: species
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Ardisia purpureacommon name: Kayu lundong rank: species
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Aegiceras corniculatumcommon name: Black mangrove rank: species
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Ardisiacommon name: Coralberry rank: genus
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Ardisia ellipticacommon name: Lempeni rank: species
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Ardisia javanicacommon name: Marlberry rank: species
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Ardisia teysmannianacommon name: Kumpang rank: species
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Citrus amblycarpacommon name: Limau rank: species
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Citrus x aurantiifoliacommon name: Jeruk nipis rank: species
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Citrus japonicacommon name: Kumquat rank: species
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Citrus maximacommon name: Jeruk bali rank: species
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Citrus medicacommon name: Jeruk sukade rank: species
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Citrus sinensiscommon name: Jeruk manis rank: species
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Clausena excavatacommon name: Sicerek rank: species
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Murraya paniculatacommon name: Kemuning rank: species
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Trema orientaliscommon name: Indarung rank: species
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Acanthaceaecommon name: Acanthus rank: family
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Anacardiaceaecommon name: Mangga-manggaan rank: family
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Annonaceaecommon name: Custard Apple rank: family
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Apocynaceaecommon name: Dogbane rank: family
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Compositaecommon name: Aster rank: family
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Convolvulaceaecommon name: Binweed rank: family
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Cucurbitaceaecommon name: Labu-labuan rank: family
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Ebenaceaecommon name: Kayu Hitam rank: family
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Lauraceaecommon name: Madang-madangan rank: family
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Leguminosaecommon name: Polong-polongan rank: family
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Melastomataceaecommon name: Melastomata rank: family
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Primulaceaecommon name: Primrose rank: family
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Rutaceaecommon name: Jeruk-jerukan rank: family
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Ulmaceaecommon name: Elms rank: family
Geographic Coverages
The specimens hosted at the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) are primarily from Sumatra. With 473,481 km² in size, the island is the sixth biggest island in the world. It is tropical island located at the coordinate 0° 0′ 0″ N, 102° 0′ 0″ E. The specimens hosted at the herbarium were from several provinces, such as West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau, North Sumatra, Aceh, Bengkulu and Lampung.
The specimens were also collected from conservation areas on Sumatra, such as the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Siberut National Park, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lurah Berangin Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Forest Park Conservation Area, and Syarif Hasyim Forest Park Conservation Area. All of the collections were collected from wide range of altitudinal elevations and habitats, from lowland tropical forest up to highland forest as well as montane forest on the Bukit Barisan Mountains. In general, the collections were from volcanoes on Sumatra, such as Mt. Sibayak, Mt. Sinabung, Mt. Sorik Merapi, Mt. Pangulubao, Mt. Sibuatan, Mt. Talamau, Mt. Sago, Mt. Marapi, Mt. Singgalang, Mt. Tandikek, Mt. Gadut, Mt. Talang, Mt. Tujuh, Mt. Kerinci, Mt. Pesagi.
Bibliographic Citations
- AKHRIADI, P., PRIMALDHI, A. and HAMBALI, M., 2008. Nepenthes naga, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Bukit Barisan of Sumatra. Reinwardtia, 12(5), pp.339-342. -
- Ashton, P. S. 1982. Flora Malesiana. Series I-Spermatophyta. Flowering Plants Vol. 9, part 2, Dipterocarpaceae. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague, Boston, London. -
- Bridson, D., Forman, L. 1992. The Herbarium Handbook. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd. Great Britain. -
- Hernawati and Pitra A. 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. Nepenthes Team and PILI-NGO Movement. Bogor. Indonesia. -
- Hughes, M., GIRMANSYAH, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2009. Seven new species of Begonia from Sumatra. Gard. Bull. Singapore, 61, pp.29-44. -
- Hughes, M., Girmansyah, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2015. Further discoveries in the ever-expanding genus Begonia (Begoniaceae): fifteen new species from Sumatra. European journal of Taxonomy, (167). -
- IUCN. 2018. https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed in Februari 2019. Kalkman, C. (1993). Rosaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 11(2), 227-351. -
- Kemetrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018. Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan Satwa yang dilindungi. -
- Lee, C.I.C. and Akhriadi, P., 2006. Two new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 51(3), pp.561-568. -
- Plant List. 2019. http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed Februari 2019. Shaw, H. A. (1981). the Euphorbiaceae of Sumatra. Kew Bulletin, 239-374. -
- Utami, N. 2006. Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae) ednemik di Sumatera dan potensi sebaaga tanaman hias. Biodiversitas. Vol. 7 (2) 2006: 135-138 -
- Van Der Meijden, R. (1984). Polygalaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 10(1), 455-539. -
Contacts
Nurainas Nurainasoriginator
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
Ahmad Taufiq
originator
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Bandar Buat
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Heru Handika
originator
position: Researcher
Museum of Natural Science and Department Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge
US
Telephone: +12259165691
email: handika.heru@gmail.com
Try Surya Harapan
originator
position: Content Provider
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Palimo Indah
Padang
West Sumatra
ID
Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
originator
position: Curator
Laboratory of Plant taxonomy, Department of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University
Parak Karakah
Padang
West Sumatra
Telephone: +6281374777749
email: anes82@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
metadata author
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Bandar Buat
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
user
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Nurainas Nurainas
administrative point of contact
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com