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Timed Species Count Data collected in the Lower Tana River Forest Fragments 1999 - 2001

Citation

Oyugi J, Owino A, Ndang'ang'a K, Amakobe B, Gichuki P, Jackson C, Ndithia H, Ochieng J, Mwangi E, Njambi M, Njoroge P (2023). Timed Species Count Data collected in the Lower Tana River Forest Fragments 1999 - 2001. National Museums of Kenya. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/amp2sp accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-12.

Description

The Lower Tana River Forest patches in Coastal Kenya are remnants of a vast tropical forest that once extended from the East Coast of Africa to the Congo Basin during the Miocene (some 26million years ago). The forest now occurs patchily on each side of the river. The forest fragments are among the key forests for bird conservation in Africa and qualify as an Important Bird Area (Bennun & Njoroge 1999). However, there has been little systematic ornithological work in the Lower Tana, and information on the avifauna is patchy and scant. The forest fragments are at different succession stages and are unlikely to be of equal conservation importance to birds hence the studies sought to characterize the avifauna of the different forests' types in Lower Tana River and to identify the most important fragments for bird’s conservation. This dataset gives baseline information on the timed species count events of birds at the Lower Tana River Forest Fragments including; Mchelelo, Mnazini South, Mnazini North, Congolani Central, Guru North, Guru South, Makere West and East, Mchelelo East, Sifa East, Wenje East, Baomo South, Maroni East, Maroni West and Kipende West between 1999 to 2001. Guru North,Guru South, Kipende West and Sifa East areas was given the Tana River Forest central point coordinates as they were missing from google maps. A total of 161 species were observed. Among these species, 2 were globally near threatened species, 2 regionally vulnerable species and 6 East Coast biome species.

Purpose

Lower Tana River Forest Fragments are listed among the key forests for bird conservation in Africa and qualify as an Important Bird Area hence are of conservation significance. This dataset was provided to act as a reference point against which to compare current bird's situation in these forest fragments and the past. It will also give a focus for contemporary survey work and management decisions. Raising the profile of data for the conservation of four forested African landscapes project has played a role in unlocking this dataset which has been locked in unpublished reports for many years. Later, this project will create relevant and applicable tools to interpret this dataset hence guiding the conservation work and policy decisions of the Lower Tana River Forest Fragments.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The TSCs were done in The Tana River Primate National Reserve (1⁰55’5, 40⁰5’E) located along the lower reaches of the Tana River. This Reserve covers 169km2 of which around 11km2 is riverine forest. 15 forest fragments of this including: Mchelelo (63ha), Mnazini South (50ha), Mnazini North(38ha), Congolani Central (50ha), Guru North (5ha), Guru South (46ha), Makere West (48ha), Mchelelo East (10ha), Sifa East (150ha), Wenje East (525ha), Makere East (4ha), Baomo South (30ha), Maroni East (4ha), Maroni West (16ha) and Kipende West (14ha) were covered.

Sampling

Time species Counts were conducted each morning along open spaces in the understorey or foot paths where available. Birds seen or heard calling within 25 m of the observer were recorded.

Quality Control

Species identification and ringing was done on site by a team of bird experts from the Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya.

Method steps

  1. The TSCs procedure followed Bennun & Waiyaki (1993). Every time a new bird species was detected during count, the time was recorded, together with an indication of whether the detection was by sight or sound, whether the bird was within 25M of observer and if so, whether it was above 3 m from ground. Each count was 40 minutes long. A total 0f 12 counts were conducted in each study area.

Taxonomic Coverages

Birds observed via Timed Species Count (TSC) method within the Lower Tana River Forest Patches.
  1. Aves
    rank: class
  2. Passeriformes
    rank: order
  3. Coliiformes
    rank: order
  4. Piciformes
    rank: order
  5. Coraciiformes
    rank: order
  6. Bucerotiformes
    rank: order
  7. Accipitriformes
    rank: order
  8. Trogoniformes
    rank: order
  9. Cuculiformes
    rank: order
  10. Columbiformes
    rank: order
  11. Musophagiformes
    rank: order
  12. Pelecaniformes
    rank: order
  13. Strigiformes
    rank: order
  14. Caprimulgiformes
    rank: order
  15. Psittaciformes
    rank: order
  16. Galliformes
    rank: order
  17. Pterocliformes
    rank: order
  18. Falconiformes
    rank: order
  19. Nectariniidae
    rank: family
  20. Monarchidae
    rank: family
  21. Ploceidae
    rank: family
  22. Dicruridae
    rank: family
  23. Cisticolidae
    rank: family
  24. Meropidae
    rank: family
  25. Picidae
    rank: family
  26. Alcedinidae
    rank: family
  27. Pycnonotidae
    rank: family
  28. Malaconotidae
    rank: family
  29. Upupidae
    rank: family
  30. Sturnidae
    rank: family
  31. Accipitridae
    rank: family
  32. Indicatoridae
    rank: family
  33. Trogonidae
    rank: family
  34. Bucerotidae
    rank: family
  35. Cuculidae
    rank: family
  36. Oriolidae
    rank: family
  37. Columbidae
    rank: family
  38. Musophagidae
    rank: family
  39. Muscicapidae
    rank: family
  40. Rhamphastidae
    rank: family
  41. Platysteiridae
    rank: family
  42. Scopidae
    rank: family
  43. Threskiornithidae
    rank: family
  44. Tytonidae
    rank: family
  45. Apodidae
    rank: family
  46. Psittacidae
    rank: family
  47. Stenostiridae
    rank: family
  48. Numididae
    rank: family
  49. Turdidae
    rank: family
  50. Vangidae
    rank: family
  51. Ardeidae
    rank: family
  52. Hirundinidae
    rank: family
  53. Coraciidae
    rank: family
  54. Estrildidae
    rank: family
  55. Coliidae
    rank: family
  56. Strigidae
    rank: family
  57. Campephagidae
    rank: family
  58. Nicatoridae
    rank: family
  59. Leiothrichidae
    rank: family
  60. Laniidae
    rank: family
  61. Phasianidae
    rank: family
  62. Macrosphenidae
    rank: family
  63. Pteroclidae
    rank: family
  64. Passeridae
    rank: family
  65. Fringillidae
    rank: family
  66. Motacillidae
    rank: family
  67. Caprimulgidae
    rank: family
  68. Falconidae
    rank: family
  69. Lybiinae
    rank: subfamily
  70. Prionopinae
    rank: subfamily

Geographic Coverages

The timed species counts were done in 15 Lower Tana River Forests patches which lies at an altitude of 40-70m within the floodplain of the river Tana in Tana River County at approximately 2⁰30’ S and 40⁰30’ E.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Bennun, L. A., & Njoroge, P. (1999). Important Bird Areas in Kenya. Nairobi: Nature Kenya. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-85. -

Contacts

Joseph Oyugi
originator
position: Professor of Biology, Natural Sciences
Gardner-Webb University
203 GW Laboratory Center
Boiling Springs
Campus Box: 7270
North Carolina
US
Telephone: (704) 406-2411
email: joyugi@gardner-webb.edu
homepage: https://gardner-webb.edu/people/dr-joseph-oyugi/
Alfred Owino
originator
position: Research Scientist; Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Division
Kenya Wildlife Service
Nairobi
P. O. Box 40241- 00100
Nairobi
KE
email: alfred@kws.go.ke
Kariuki Ndang'ang'a
originator
position: Head of Conservation Division for Africa
BirdLife International
Nairobi
P. O. Box 3502 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
email: kariuki.ndanganga@gmail.com
homepage: https://www.birdlife.org/
Bernard Amakobe
originator
position: Research and Biodiversity Monitoring Officer
Wildlife Works Kenya Ltd
Maungu
Voi
KE
Telephone: +254721517910
email: libukujulius@yahoo.com
Patrick Gichuki
originator
position: Technician, Ornithology Section, Zoology Department
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Colin Jackson
originator
position: National Director
A Rocha Kenya
Watamu
383 - 80202
Malindi
KE
Telephone: +254722842366
email: colin.jackson@arocha.org
Henry Ndithia
originator
position: Senior Research Scientist, Ornithology Section, Zoology Dept.
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658-00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254724584121
email: hndithia@gmail.com
Judith Ochieng
originator
position: Project Coordinator, Department Science and Conservation
A Rocha Kenya
Watamu
383 - 80202
Malindi
KE
Telephone: +254704843754
email: judith.ochieng@arocha.org
Esther Mwangi
originator
position: Research Scientist
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254787596660
email: ewmwangi@museums.or.ke
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-0278
Maryanne Njambi
originator
position: Data Clerk, Ornithology Section, Zoology Department
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254718374256
email: njambiwaceke@gmail.com
Peter Njoroge
originator
position: Head, Ornithology Section, Zoology Department
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254724521770
email: pnjoroge@museums.or.ke
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-3579
Peter Njoroge
metadata author
position: Head, Ornithology Section, Zoology Department
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254724521770
email: pnjoroge@museums.or.ke
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1165-3579
Maryanne Njambi
metadata author
position: Data Clerk, Ornithology Section, National Museums of Kenya
National Museums of Kenya
Museum Hill Road
Nairobi
40658 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
Telephone: +254718374256
email: njambiwaceke@gmail.com
Judith Ochieng
metadata author
position: Project Coordinator, Department Science and Conservation
A Rocha Kenya
Watamu
383 - 80202
Malindi
KE
Telephone: +254704843754
email: judith.ochieng@arocha.org
Joseph Oyugi
administrative point of contact
position: Professor of Biology, Natural Sciences
Gardner-Webb University
203 GW Laboratory Center
Boiling Springs
Campus Box: 7270
North Carolina
US
Telephone: (704) 406-2411
email: joyugi@gardner-webb.edu
homepage: https://gardner-webb.edu/people/dr-joseph-oyugi/
Alfred Owino
administrative point of contact
position: Research Scientist; Biodiversity Research and Monitoring Division
Kenya Wildlife Service
Nairobi
P. O. Box 40241- 00100
Nairobi
KE
email: alfred@kws.go.ke
Kariuki Ndang'ang'a
administrative point of contact
position: Head of Conservation Division for Africa
BirdLife International
Nairobi
P. O. Box 3502 - 00100
Nairobi
KE
email: kariuki.ndanganga@gmail.com
homepage: https://www.birdlife.org/
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