Sternaspis Otto, 1820

Dataset
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy: Rank
GENUS: Published in
Otto, Adolfus Guilielmus. De Sternaspide thalassemoideo et Siphostomate diplochaito vermibus duobus marinis. [Epistola Gratulatoria quam ad celebrandum diem laetissimum VI Marti MDCCCXX (etc, etc)]. Vratislaviae. pp.16, 2 plates (1820).

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Classification

kingdom
Animalia: phylum
Annelida: class
Polychaeta: family
Sternaspidae: genus
Sternaspis

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Sternaspids with introvert hooks falcate, tapered. Pre-shield region with 7 segments. Ventro-caudal shield stiff, usually with abundant sediment particles loosely adhered; with well-developed radial ribs and concentric lines. Branchial filaments arranged in discrete branchial plates.

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Sternaspids with introvert hooks falcate, tapered. Pre-shield region with 7 segments. Ventro-caudal shield stiff, usually with radial ribs and concentric lines. Branchial filaments arranged in discrete branchial plates.

Sternaspis Otto 1821

Genus Sternaspis Otto, 1821

Sternaspis scutata (Ranzani, 1817)

DISTRIBUTION: NA, CA, SA.

LITERATURE RECORDS: Grube 1840; Stossich 1876; Carus 1884; Graeffe 1905; Zimmermann 1907; Vatova 1928, 1931a, 1931 b, 1934; Fauvel 1934; Vatova 1935; Fauvel 1938, 1940; Vatova 1940 a, 1940 b, 1942, 1943, 1949 a, 1949 b; Gamulin-Brida 1962; Laubier 1962; Vatova 1963; Gamulin-Brida 1964; Kiseleva 1964; Gamulin-Brida 1965, 1967; Scaccini 1967; Gamulin-Brida et al. 1968; Bellan 1969; Orel & Mennea 1969; Banse 1970; Karaman & Gamulin-Brida 1970; Zavodnik 1971; Gamulin-Brida 1972; Marcuzzi 1972; Katzmann 1972, 1973a, 1973 f; Zavodnik 1973; Avèin et al. 1974; Gamulin-Brida 1974; Matjašić & Štirn 1975; Amoureux 1976; Cognetti- Varriale & Zunarelli-Vandini 1978; Zavodnik et al. 1978; Gamulin-Brida 1979; Amoureux 1979; Zavodnik 1979; Radiae 1982; Zavodnik & Zavodnik 1982; Amoureux 1983 a, 1983 c; Avèin & Vrišer 1983; Fassari 1983; Katzmann 1983; Požar-Domac 1983; Bedulli et al. 1983, 1984; Stjepčević et al. 1984; Zavodnik et al. 1985; Gillet 1986; Požar-Domac 1986; Ambrogi et al. 1987; Orel et al. 1987; Zavodnik & Vidaković 1987; Aleffi et al. 1988; Orel 1988; Marano et al. 1989; Špan et al. 1989; Parisi et al. 1990; Crema et al. 1991; Požar-Domac 1994; Zahtila 1995, 1997; Šimunović 1997; Mancinelli et al. 1998; Castelli et al. 1999; Zavodnik & Kovačić 2000; Crema et al. 2001; Alcaro et al. 2002; Cantone & Di Pietro 2002; Maggiore 2002; Spagnolo et al. 2002; Aleffi et al. 2003; Solis-Weiss et al. 2004; Simonini et al. 2004, 2005b; Occhipinti-Ambrogi et al. 2005; Boscolo et al. 2006; Zavodnik et al. 2006; Maggiore & Keppel 2007; Zavodnik & Vidaković 2007; Castelli et al. 2008; La Porta et al. 2011; Mikac et al. 2011; Musco et al. 2011.

NEW RECORDS: BM 13, BM 21, BM 22, BM 26, BM 27, BM 28, BM 38, BM 39, BM 40, BM 52, BM 53, BM 54, BM 65, BM 66, BM 79, BM 91, BM 92, BM 96, BM 97, BM 98, BM 100, BM 101.

OTHER REPORTED NAMES: Sternaspis thalassemoides Otto, 1821.

FAMILY SYLLIDAE Grube, 1850

Sternaspis Otto 1821

Key to species of Sternaspis Otto, 1821

(Modified after Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja 2013)

1 Ventro-caudal shield fan with a distinct median notch........................................................ 2

- Ventro-caudal shield fan continuous, without distinct median notch............................................. 12

2 (1) Shield with radial ribs and concentric lines distinct........................................................... 3

- Shield with radial ribs distinct, concentric lines barely visible................................................. 10

3 (2) Fan with median notch shallow.......................................................................... 4

– Fan with median notch deep; shields usually with concentric bands.............................................. 5

4 (3) Shield with distinct concentric bands; main rib and posterior corners directed posteriorly.............................................................................................. S. affinis Stimpson, 1864 (NE Pacific Ocean).

- Shield without concentric bands; posterior corners directed laterally......................................................................................... S. scutata (Ranzani, 1817) (Mediterranean Sea and NE Atlantic Ocean).

5 (3) Shield with posterior corners distinct in frontal view......................................................... 6

- Shield with posterior corners poorly defined in frontal view.................................................... 7

6 (5) Radial ribs and concentric lines distinct, well defined; body whitish to grayish............................................................................................... S. costata von Marenzeller, 1879 (NW Pacific Ocean).

- Radial ribs and concentric lines barely defined; body brownish...................... S. sendalli n. sp. (Antarctic Ocean)

7 (5) Anterior keels usually exposed.......................................................................... 8

- Anterior keels rarely exposed; fan barely projecting posteriorly beyond posterolateral corners......................... 9

8 (7) Shield with anterior corners projecting at least as far as anterior keels, longer in larger specimens; fan margin crenulated in small specimens, dentate in larger ones....................................... S. buzhinskajae n. sp. (Arctic Ocean)

- Shield with anterior corners projecting as far as anterior keels; fan margin smooth to crenulated, never dentate................................................................. S. islandica Malmgren, 1867 (NE Atlantic Ocean, Iceland)

9 (7) Introvert and body with similar pigmentation or introvert paler; shield widest medially.............................................................................................. S. fossor Stimpson, 1853 (NW Atlantic Ocean)

- Introvert and body with different pigmentation, introvert darker; shield widest anteriorly........................................................................ S. annenkovae Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 (NW Pacific Ocean)

10 (2) Main ribs markedly divergent; fan as wide as anterior margins or wider............................................................................................ S. maior Chamberlin, 1919 (Eastern Pacific, Gulf of California).

- Main ribs moderately divergent; fan half as wide as anterior margins........................................... 11

11 (10) Posterior margin truncate, with lateral notches; ribs well-developed........................................................................................ S. maureri Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 (Central Eastern Pacific)

- Posterior margin with a median notch, lateral notches shallow or indistinct; ribs poorly developed............................................................... S. williamsae Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 (Northeastern Pacific).

12 (1) Fan margin crenulated, not projected posteriorly............................................................ 13

- Fan margin denticulate, medially projected................................................................ 18

13 (12) Shield with ribs and concentric lines..................................................................... 14

- Shield with ribs; concentric lines indistinct................................................................ 20

14 (13) Shield anterior margins rounded........................................................................ 15

- Shield anterior margins acute........................................... S. spinosa Sluiter, 1882 (Indonesia, Java).

15 (14) Shield with posterior corners distinct..................................................................... 16

- Shield with posterior corners indistinct...................................... S. rietschi Caullery, 1944 (Indonesia).

16 (15) Posterior corners barely projected beyond fan margin; introvert hooks thick, bronze.......................................................................... S. thalassemoides Otto, 1821 (NE Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea).

- Posterior corners projected beyond fan margin; introvert hooks thin, golden..................................... 17

17 (16) Anterior keels shorter than anterior margins; fan markedly crenulated...................................................................................... S. thorsoni Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (Indian Ocean, Arabian Gulf).

- Anterior keels as long as anterior margins; fan barely crenulated... S. piotrowskiae Salazar-Vallejo, 2014 (Philippine Islands)

18 (12) Fan without lateral notches; body papillae arranged in distinct transverse rows.................................................................................. S. africana Augener, 1918 (Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Ghana to Angola).

- Fan with lateral notches; body papillae distributed homogeneously, not arranged in transverse rows................... 19

19 (18) Introvert with about 15 pale hooks per bundle.................................................................................................... S. andamanensis Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo, 2013 (Indian Ocean, Andaman Sea).

- Introvert with about 10 dark hooks per bundle....................................................................................................... S. uschakovi Salazar-Vallejo & Buzhinskaja, 2013 (Northern Pacific Ocean)

20 (13) Shield with diagonal rib distinct; shield plates as long as wide. S. princeps Selenka, 1885 (SW Pacific Ocean, New Zealand)

- Shield with diagonal rib indistinct; shield plates wider than long..................... S. monroi n. sp. (Antarctic Ocean)

diagnosis

Diagnosis. Sternaspids with introvert hooks falcate and tapered. Pre-shield region with 7 segments. Ventrocaudal shield usually stiff with sediment particles loosely adhered, rarely soft with relatively firmly adhered sediment particles that could be removed by a sharp metal object; usually with radial ribs and concentric lines. Branchial filaments arranged in discrete branchial plates (modified after Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013).

materials_examined

Type species. Sternaspis thalassemoides Otto, 1821, by monotypy.

Sternaspis Otto 1821

Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (key: Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013) laevis Caullery, 1944a: Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. NML 1491, 1514, 1535 (= Caulleryaspis laevis fide Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013) laevis minor Caullery, 1944a: Bali Sea. NML 1504, 1528 (= Caulleryaspis laevis fide Sendall & SalazarVallejo 2013) piotrowskiae Salazar-Vallejo, 2014: Luzon, Philippines. CAS 186700, 186736, 186927, 186945, 187017 rietschi Caullery, 1944a: Wokam Island, Indonesia. NML 1500 (redescr. Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013) spinosa Sluiter, 1883: Bay of Batavia (Jakarta), Java, Indonesia. NHM AN01 1889.6.15.52-36 (redescr. Sendall & Salazar-Vallejo 2013)

Name

Synonyms: Sphenaspis Verrill, 1874; Sternapsis Blainville, 1828
Homonyms: Sternaspis; Sternaspis Hope, 1837; Sternaspis Otto, 1820
Common names: ウミダルマ属 in Japanese

Bibliographic References

Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 214-231.
CoL2006
De Sternasp.
Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series. 28:1-188.
Fauchald, K., 1977: The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families, and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 28. 190.
Hansson, H.G. (2014-03-17 00:00:00) NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): South Scandinavian marine Annelida Check-List. Internet pdf Ed.
Neave, S. A. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library].
Neave, S. A. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. [developed by uBio, hosted online at MBLWHOI Library].
Otto, A. G. (1821). Animalium maritimorum nondum editorum genera duo. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum. 10(2): 617-634, Plates 50-51.
Otto, A.G. (1821). Conspectus animalium quorundam maritimorum nondum editorum pars prior quam patri dilectissimo ad cineres usque venerando Bernhardo Crristiano Otto pro celebrando die laetissimo XI. Maji MDCCCXXI quo ante decem lustra honores doctorales acceperat. Typis Universitatis, Vratislaviae, 20 pp.
Otto, Adolfus Guilielmus. (1820). De Sternaspide thalassemoideo et Siphostomate diplochaito vermibus duobus marinis. [Epistola Gratulatoria quam ad celebrandum diem laetissimum VI Marti MDCCCXX (etc, etc)]. Vratislaviae. pp.16, 2 plates.
SN2000/Hartmann-Schröder, 1996
SN2000/Hartmann-Schröder, 1996
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I. (2014). Three new polar species of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta: Sternaspidae). Zootaxa. 3861(4): 333-344.
Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio; Buzhinskaja, Galina. 2013. Six new deep-water sternaspid species (Annelida, Sternaspidae) from the Pacific Ocean. ZooKeys 348(0): 1-27
Sendall, Kelly; Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio. 2013. Revision of Sternaspis Otto, 1821 (Polychaeta, Sternaspidae). ZooKeys 286(0): 1-74
Vejdovsky, F. 1882. Untersuchungen über die Anatomie, Physiologie und Entwicklung von Sternaspis. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe 43(2): 33-90, Plates l–10.
Wilson et al 2003
WoRMS (Mar 2013)
WoRMS (Mar 2013)