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Forest monitoring data of 45 plots over the Japanese archipelago during the period of 1980-2021

Citation

Yoshikawa T, Totsu K, Takeuchi Y, Kadoya T, Enoki T, Fujii S, Fukamachi A S, Hirota M, Hoshizaki K, Iiyama N, Ishikawa Y, Itô H, Kobayashi H, Kohyama T, Konno Y, Makita A, Mori A S, Nagamatsu D, Nakashizuka T, Namikawa K, Noguchi M, Sakimoto M, Ozaki Y, Seino T, Sugita H, Suzuki J, Suzuki R O, Suzuki S N, Takahashi K, Tateno R, Watanabe R, Yamashita T, Yoshida T, Ishihara M I, Tanaka K, Nakamura M, Hiura T (2024). Forest monitoring data of 45 plots over the Japanese archipelago during the period of 1980-2021. National Institute of Genetics, ROIS. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ag72vk accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-11.

Description

Long-term monitoring of a forest tree community is a basis for understanding forest structure and dynamics, and for evaluating ecosystem functions such as primary production. Because global climate change has impacted and will change the forest ecosystems from local to global scales, it is essential to document long-term monitoring data of the forests to examine the temporal and geographical trends of forest changes. We here report the monitoring data of 45 forest plots (average area: 0.69 ha) from 27 sites in Japan. The plots are located with latitude ranges from N 32.38 to N 43.36, and with elevation ranges from 8 m to 2453 m above sea level. These plots include both old-growth and secondary forests, and cover various forest biomes, such as warm-temperate evergreen forests, temperate deciduous broadleaved forests, and boreal or sub-alpine coniferous forests. In each plot, all living trees and liana larger than a certain minimum size (basically 15 cm stem girth at breast height) were repeatedly measured, and survival and recruitment of stems were recorded. Monitoring period varies among plots from 5 to 40 years with the average of 17.3 years. The tree measurement data are presented as a format common to that of the preceding Monitoring Sites 1000 Project in Japan, and as a sample-based Darwin Core format. This dataset expands existing open monitoring data of Japanese forests and thereby facilitates further meta-analysis on forest community structures and their changes in relation to climate change and other drivers. This dataset is published as a data paper in Ecological Research (see https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1703.12457).

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The 45 forest plots (coded as PL01–PL45 in this paper) are distributed throughout the Japanese archipelago. Plot latitude ranges from N 32.38 to N 43.36, and longitude ranges from E 131.17 to E 144.66. Elevation of the plots range from 8 m to 2453 m above sea level. Monitoring period per plot ranges from 5 to 40 years and the average is 17.3 years. Total monitoring period ranges from 1980 to 2021. A total of 269 censuses were performed in all the 45 plots. Plot size ranges from 0.0325 ha (plot ID: PL41) to 6.25 ha (plot ID: PL18), with an average of 0.69 ha. Most of the plots have rectangle shapes, but one plot has an irregular shape, and two plots have rectangle outlines but have non-covered areas inside them. These plots were all established in natural forests without cultivated or planted trees, and have experienced no large natural or anthropogenic disturbance (e.g., logging) during the monitoring. Some plots have suffered from insect damage (mainly the oak wilt disease by a bark beetle), deer browsing, or windstorm damage during their monitoring periods. The 45 plots can be categorized into two forest age classes; old-growth forest which had persisted at least 150 years without large disturbances until the start of monitoring (28 plots in 18 sites), and secondary forests, which have established within 150 years before the start of monitoring (17 plots in 11 sites).

Sampling

Tree measurement was performed generally based on the protocol of the Monitoring Site 1000 project (Ishihara et al. 2011). All living trees and liana larger than a certain minimum size were repeatedly measured using a tape measure or a caliper. Minimum size of measured stem (in girth at breast height [GBH] or tree height) differs among the plots, but all the stems with greater than or equal to 15.7 cm in GBH (5 cm in DBH) were measured, except one plot with the minimum size of 31.4 cm of GBH (10 cm in DBH; PL18). Survival and recruitment of stems were also recorded in each census. Total number of censuses per plot ranges from 2 to 23, with the average of 6.0.

Quality Control

All plants were identified to species-level by the experts. Scientific names followed the YList (Yonekura and Kajita 2003) and were checked against the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy (GBIF Secretariat 2021).

Method steps

  1. Tree census data was formatted into event data. A plot ID was stored in locationID. When a census date was not available, a date range based on the Japanese fiscal year was provided in eventDate.
  2. For the measurement in which individuals were identified, occurrence data was extracted from the GBH measurement data by a combination of a plot ID, an individual identification code (*case-sensitive), a census date, and species. A combination of a plot ID and an individual identification code was stored in organismID. For the measurement in which individuals were not identified (i.e. some in PL18 and all in PL02, PL05 and PL40), a combination of a plot ID, a census date, and species was used to extract occurrence data and therefore organismID was not provided.
  3. Measurement records including GBH and the proportion of tree trunk area where bark is stripped by deers, were created for each stem observed.

Taxonomic Coverages

Trees and liana of gymnosperm and angiosperm of 232 species from 113 genera of 54 families.
  1. Actinidiaceae
    rank: family
  2. Adoxaceae
    rank: family
  3. Anacardiaceae
    rank: family
  4. Apocynaceae
    rank: family
  5. Aquifoliaceae
    rank: family
  6. Araliaceae
    rank: family
  7. Aucubaceae
    rank: family
  8. Betulaceae
    rank: family
  9. Cannabaceae
    rank: family
  10. Celastraceae
    rank: family
  11. Cephalotaxaceae
    rank: family
  12. Cercidiphyllaceae
    rank: family
  13. Clethraceae
    rank: family
  14. Cornaceae
    rank: family
  15. Cupressaceae
    rank: family
  16. Daphniphyllaceae
    rank: family
  17. Diervillaceae
    rank: family
  18. Ebenaceae
    rank: family
  19. Ericaceae
    rank: family
  20. Euphorbiaceae
    rank: family
  21. Eupteleaceae
    rank: family
  22. Fabaceae
    rank: family
  23. Fagaceae
    rank: family
  24. Hamamelidaceae
    rank: family
  25. Hydrangeaceae
    rank: family
  26. Juglandaceae
    rank: family
  27. Lamiaceae
    rank: family
  28. Lardizabalaceae
    rank: family
  29. Lauraceae
    rank: family
  30. Magnoliaceae
    rank: family
  31. Malvaceae
    rank: family
  32. Moraceae
    rank: family
  33. Myricaceae
    rank: family
  34. Oleaceae
    rank: family
  35. Pinaceae
    rank: family
  36. Rhamnaceae
    rank: family
  37. Rosaceae
    rank: family
  38. Rutaceae
    rank: family
  39. Sabiaceae
    rank: family
  40. Salicaceae
    rank: family
  41. Sapindaceae
    rank: family
  42. Schisandraceae
    rank: family
  43. Sciadopityaceae
    rank: family
  44. Simaroubaceae
    rank: family
  45. Stachyuraceae
    rank: family
  46. Staphyleaceae
    rank: family
  47. Styracaceae
    rank: family
  48. Symplocaceae
    rank: family
  49. Taxaceae
    rank: family
  50. Ternstroemiaceae
    rank: family
  51. Theaceae
    rank: family
  52. Trochodendraceae
    rank: family
  53. Ulmaceae
    rank: family
  54. Vitaceae
    rank: family

Geographic Coverages

Japan

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Ishihara MI, Suzuki SN, Nakamura M, et al (2011) Forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics in 34 sites over Japan. Ecol Res 26:1007 - 10.1007/s11284-011-0847-y
  2. Yonekura K, Kajita T (2003) BG Plants: Japanese name-Scientific name index (YList). In: Retrieved July. http://ylist.info/ -
  3. GBIF Secretariat (2021) GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2021-08-12. - 10.15468/39omei

Contacts

Tetsuro Yoshikawa
originator
position: Research Associate
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
Kumiko Totsu
originator
position: Specialist (Database engineer)
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: totsu.kumiko@nies.go.jp
Yayoi Takeuchi
originator
position: Senior Researcher
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: takeuchi.yayoi@nies.go.jp
Taku Kadoya
originator
position: Head
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
Tsutomu Enoki
originator
Kyushu University
Sakae Fujii
originator
Tokushima Prefecture Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Support Center
Atsuko S. Fukamachi
originator
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Mitsuru Hirota
originator
University of Tsukuba
Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
originator
Akita Prefectural University
Naoki Iiyama
originator
Tokushima University
Yukio Ishikawa
originator
Hirosaki University
Hiroki Itô
originator
Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Hajime Kobayashi
originator
Shinshu University
Takashi Kohyama
originator
Hokkaido University
Yasuo Konno
originator
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Akifumi Makita
originator
Akita Prefectural University
Akira S. Mori
originator
The University of Tokyo
Dai Nagamatsu
originator
Tottori University
Tohru Nakashizuka
originator
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Kanji Namikawa
originator
Hokkaido University of Education
Mahoko Noguchi
originator
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Michinori Sakimoto
originator
Kyoto University
Yoshinobu Ozaki
originator
Shimane University
Tatsuyuki Seino
originator
University of Tsukuba
Hisashi Sugita
originator
Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center
Jun-Ichirou Suzuki
originator
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Ryo O. Suzuki
originator
University of The Ryukyus
Satoshi N. Suzuki
originator
The University of Tokyo
Koichi Takahashi
originator
Shinshu University
Ryunosuke Tateno
originator
Kyoto University
Ryuichi Watanabe
originator
Shinshu University
Tamon Yamashita
originator
Shimane University
Tomohiro Yoshida
originator
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Masae I. Ishihara
originator
Kyoto University
Kenta Tanaka
originator
University of Tsukuba
Masahiro Nakamura
originator
Hokkaido University
Tsutom Hiura
originator
The University of Tokyo
Yayoi Takeuchi
metadata author
position: Senior Researcher
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: takeuchi.yayoi@nies.go.jp
Tetsuro Yoshikawa
author
position: Research Associate
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
Kumiko Totsu
author
position: Specialist (Database engineer)
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: totsu.kumiko@nies.go.jp
Yayoi Takeuchi
author
position: Senior Researcher
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: takeuchi.yayoi@nies.go.jp
Taku Kadoya
author
position: Head
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
Tsutomu Enoki
author
Kyushu University
Sakae Fujii
author
Tokushima Prefecture Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Support Center
Atsuko S. Fukamachi
author
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Mitsuru Hirota
author
University of Tsukuba
Kazuhiko Hoshizaki
author
Akita Prefectural University
Naoki Iiyama
author
Tokushima University
Yukio Ishikawa
author
Hirosaki University
Hiroki Itô
author
Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Hajime Kobayashi
author
Shinshu University
Takashi Kohyama
author
Hokkaido University
Yasuo Konno
author
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Akifumi Makita
author
Akita Prefectural University
Akira S. Mori
author
The University of Tokyo
Dai Nagamatsu
author
Tottori University
Tohru Nakashizuka
author
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Kanji Namikawa
author
Hokkaido University of Education
Mahoko Noguchi
author
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
Michinori Sakimoto
author
Kyoto University
Yoshinobu Ozaki
author
Shimane University
Tatsuyuki Seino
author
University of Tsukuba
Hisashi Sugita
author
Toyama Prefectural Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center
Jun-Ichirou Suzuki
author
Tokyo Metropolitan University
Ryo O. Suzuki
author
University of The Ryukyus
Satoshi N. Suzuki
author
The University of Tokyo
Koichi Takahashi
author
Shinshu University
Ryunosuke Tateno
author
Kyoto University
Ryuichi Watanabe
author
Shinshu University
Tamon Yamashita
author
Shimane University
Tomohiro Yoshida
author
Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Masae I. Ishihara
author
Kyoto University
Kenta Tanaka
author
University of Tsukuba
Masahiro Nakamura
author
Hokkaido University
Tsutom Hiura
author
The University of Tokyo
Yayoi Takeuchi
administrative point of contact
position: Senior Researcher
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: takeuchi.yayoi@nies.go.jp
Biodiversity Division
administrative point of contact
National Institute for Environmental Studies
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba
305-8506
Ibaraki
JP
email: biodiv.data@nies.go.jp
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