Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program  (Salish Sea, USA), starting in 2014

Julie E. Keister; Amanda Winans; BethElLee Herrmann; Olga Kalata

doi:10.15468/e92gvx

Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (Salish Sea, USA), starting in 2014

Citation

Keister J E, Winans A, Herrmann B, Kalata O, Mayorga E (2024). Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (Salish Sea, USA), starting in 2014. Version 1.1. United States Geological Survey. Samplingevent dataset. https://doi.org/10.15468/e92gvx accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-02-08.

Description

The Puget Sound Zooplankton Monitoring Program (PSZMP) is an ongoing collaborative effort involving tribal, county, state, federal, academic, and non-profit organizations working in and around the Salish Sea. The program began in 2014 and is designed to assist efforts in 1) understanding how changes in the local vs oceanic physical environment translate up the food web in Puget Sound, and 2) measuring how the prey field of salmon and other fishes varies spatio-temporally and correlates with fish survival.

Samples are collected at 16 sites across Puget Sound on either a bi-weekly or monthly , depending on the sampling group and season. Vertical tows of a ring net are conducted to capture zooplankton throughout the depth of the water column. Oblique tows of a bongo net are used to sample larger, more motile zooplankton inhabiting the upper 30 m of the water column. After collection, zooplankton are quantitatively subsampled and microscopically counted, with zooplankton densities and biomass computed. All individuals are identified to species or larger taxonomic grouping, and by life stages for some species, within each sample.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

Zooplankton monitoring carried out in Salish Sea basins in Washington State, USA, throughout Puget Sound (Hood Canal, Admiralty Inlet, Central Basin, Whidbey Basin, South Sound) and in Northern Washington (Bellingham Bay, San Juan Islands). Sampling has been conducted at 16 sites: Dana Passage, South Ketron/Solo Point, Admiralty Inlet, Point Jefferson, Point Williams, East Passage, North Hope Island, Watmough Bay, Cowlitz, Thorndyke Bay, North Saratoga Passage, Camano Head, Mukilteo, Eliza Island, Eldon and Sisters Point. Sampling started in March 2014 and is ongoing, with a target frequency that ranges from biweekly to monthly depending on the station and other considerations. Water column depths at the stations range from 10 to 275 m. Vertical water-column tows span from the surface to within 5 m off bottom, to a maximum depth of 200 m. Oblique tows span from the surface to approximately 30 m depth.

Sampling

Sampling for zooplankton is conducted at regular stations visited by project partners using a common methodology. Two net tows are carried out at each station: a 60-cm diameter ring net (200 µm mesh) towed vertically from 5 m off the bottom (or a maximum of 200 m depth) to the surface; and a 60-cm diameter bongo net (335 µm mesh) towed obliquely through the top 30 m of the water column. The target sampling frequency ranges from biweekly to monthly depending on the station and other considerations. Sampling is conducted during daytime. Project partners that have collected samples include the Environmental Protection Agency, Hood Canal Salmon Enhancement Group, King County, Kwiáht, Lummi Nation, Nisqually Indian Tribe, NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribe, Stillaguamish Tribe, Tulalip Tribes, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. In the laboratory at the University of Washington, zooplankton are quantitatively subsampled and microscopically counted. All individuals are identified to species or larger taxonomic grouping, and by sex and life stages whenever possible, within each sample.

Quality Control

Samples with "low" collection quality or "poor" sample quality are excluded from the published dataset. These ratings are based on flow meter readings, tow angles, tow depths, tow profiles, phytoplankton clogging, and various other errors that can occur.

Method steps

The starting point data file for OBIS Darwin Core alignment was an Excel file provided by staff from the Principal Investigator's lab at the University of Washington. This file was exported from the UW lab’s internal database. It is in the same format and contains the same information as the Excel file that is publicly distributed on the King County PSZMP webpage, https://green2.kingcounty.gov/ScienceLibrary/Document.aspx?ArticleID=556. However, the file used involved updates and corrections applied by lab staff based on questions arising during the initial OBIS alignment work. All processing steps starting from the source Excel file are explicitly encoded in the Jupyter notebooks used to carry out the alignment, written in Python; this code, including additional documentation, is available at https://github.com/nanoos-pnw/obis-pszmp.

Additional info

The publication of this dataset in OBIS was supported by the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS, https://www.nanoos.org), the Regional Association of the national US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS, https://ioos.noaa.gov) for the US Pacific Northwest.

Taxonomic Coverages

N/A

Holothuroidea
rank: class
Nudibranchia
rank: order
Mysidacea
rank: order
Eirenidae
rank: family
Arthropoda
rank: phylum
Hydrozoa
rank: class
Candaciidae
rank: family
Arachnidiidae
rank: family
Hexapoda
rank: class
Pinnotheridae
rank: family
Axiidae
rank: family
Dinophyceae
rank: class
Limnomedusae
rank: order
Amphipoda
rank: order
Calanoida
rank: order
Ostracoda
rank: class
Panopeidae
rank: family
Decapoda
rank: order
Chromista
rank: kingdom
Campanulariidae
rank: family
Diogenidae
rank: family
Podonidae
rank: family
Nemertea
rank: phylum
Harpacticoida
rank: order
Penaeidae
rank: family
Cancridae
rank: family
Proboscidactylidae
rank: family
Hippidae
rank: family
Tisbidae
rank: family
Clionidae
rank: family
Paguridae
rank: family
Chitonida
rank: order
Oikopleuridae
rank: family
Corynidae
rank: family
Hyperiidae
rank: family
Larvacea
rank: class
Oweniidae
rank: family
Melicertidae
rank: family
Clausocalanidae
rank: family
Tharybidae
rank: family
Annelida
rank: phylum
Gastropteridae
rank: family
Chitonidae
rank: family
Polychaeta
rank: class
Cydippidae
rank: family
Peachiidae
rank: family
Hexacorallia
rank: class
Limacinidae
rank: family
Mitrocomidae
rank: family
Hippolytidae
rank: family
Arachnida
rank: class
Metridinidae
rank: family
Chordata
rank: phylum
Cheiragonidae
rank: family
Copelata
rank: order
Noctilucales
rank: order
Nuda
rank: class
Euphausiidae
rank: family
Onychopoda
rank: order
Temoridae
rank: family
Tubulariidae
rank: family
Sergestidae
rank: family
Bivalvia
rank: class
Calanidae
rank: family
Pasiphaeidae
rank: family
Ascidiacea
rank: class
Galatheidae
rank: family
Beroidae
rank: family
Spinocalanidae
rank: family
Heterorhabdidae
rank: family
Oithonidae
rank: family
Beroida
rank: order
Paraphronimidae
rank: family
Myzozoa
rank: phylum
Ctenophora
rank: phylum
Tomopteridae
rank: family
Euchaetidae
rank: family
Varunidae
rank: family
Salpida
rank: order
Caligidae
rank: family
Lithodidae
rank: family
Pycnogonida
rank: class
Alpheidae
rank: family
Anthoathecata
rank: order
Euphausiacea
rank: order
Hydrobiidae
rank: family
Canuelloida
rank: order
Pontellidae
rank: family
Aeginidae
rank: family
Corophiidae
rank: family
Metridiidae
rank: family
Centropagidae
rank: family
Clausidiidae
rank: family
Gastropoda
rank: class
Epialtidae
rank: family
Harpacticidae
rank: family
Aetideidae
rank: family
Corymorphidae
rank: family
Acartiidae
rank: family
Tortanidae
rank: family
Echinodermata
rank: phylum
Phrosinidae
rank: family
Paracalanidae
rank: family
Mollusca
rank: phylum
Littorinidae
rank: family
Trachymedusae
rank: order
Corycaeidae
rank: family
Scolecitrichidae
rank: family
Tiaropsidae
rank: family
Diptera
rank: order
Cumacea
rank: order
Mysida
rank: order
Noctilucaceae
rank: family
Fritillariidae
rank: family
Eucalanidae
rank: family
Syngnathiformes
rank: order
Cephalaspidea
rank: order
Pandalidae
rank: family
Narcomedusae
rank: order
Thecostraca
rank: class
Diphyidae
rank: family
Animalia
rank: kingdom
Mysidae
rank: family
Phyllodocida
rank: order
Oregoniidae
rank: family
Monstrilloida
rank: order
Siphonostomatoida
rank: order
Cyphocarididae
rank: family
Cydippida
rank: order
Tanaidacea
rank: order
Oncaeidae
rank: family
Rhopalonematidae
rank: family
Agalmatidae
rank: family
Littorinimorpha
rank: order
Longipediidae
rank: family
Pandeidae
rank: family
Nematoda
rank: phylum
Siphonophora
rank: order
Calliopiidae
rank: family
Actiniaria
rank: order
Idoteidae
rank: family
Crangonidae
rank: family
Appendicularia
rank: class
Aequoreidae
rank: family
Laodiceidae
rank: family
Cladocera
rank: order
Gymnolaemata
rank: class
Platyhelminthes
rank: phylum
Tegastidae
rank: family
Phyllodocidae
rank: family
Cuninidae
rank: family
Copepoda
rank: class
Siphonophorae
rank: order
Caprellidae
rank: family
Porcellanidae
rank: family
Thaliacea
rank: class
Teuthida
rank: order
Munididae
rank: family
Chaetognatha
rank: phylum
Tentaculata
rank: class
Polyplacophora
rank: class
Phoronida
rank: phylum
Pteropoda
rank: order
Salpidae
rank: family
Syngnathidae
rank: family
Upogebiidae
rank: family
Callianassidae
rank: family
Scyphozoa
rank: class
Cyclopoida
rank: order
Trombidiformes
rank: order
Cephalopoda
rank: class
Leptothecata
rank: order
Rathkeidae
rank: family
Ctenostomatida
rank: order
Ophiuroidea
rank: class
Branchiopoda
rank: class
Malacostraca
rank: class
Octopoda
rank: order
Isopoda
rank: order
Cnidaria
rank: phylum
Bryozoa
rank: phylum
Teleostei
rank: class
Bougainvilliidae
rank: family

Geographic Coverages

Puget Sound, Washington State, USA. Puget Sound is part of the Salish Sea.

Bibliographic Citations

Fisher, J., D. Kimmel, T. Ross, S. Batten, E. Bjorkstedt, M. Galbraith, K. Jacobson, J. Keister, A. Sastri, K. Suchy, S. Zeman, and I. Perry. 2020. Copepod responses to, and recovery from, the recent marine heatwave in the Northeast Pacific. PICES Press vol. 28(1): 65-70. -
Greene, C., B. Curry, J. Newton, J. Keister, I. Kemp, D. Beauchamp, E. Lessard, K. Stark, and G. Hannach. 2019. Linking environmental and biotic variation to growth and survival of juvenile Chinook salmon in Puget Sound. SSMSP Technical Report. Available at: https://marinesurvivalproject.com/resources. -
Hiltunen, M., U. Strandberg, A.K. Winans, D.A. Beauchamp, M. Kotila, M.T. Brett, and J.E. Keister. Taxonomic, temporal, and spatial variation in zooplankton fatty acid composition in Puget Sound, WA, USA. Estuaries and Coasts: doi.org/10.1007/s12237-021-00973-8. -
Keister, J.E. and A.K. Winans. 2013. Zooplankton Sampling Protocol. A procedural guide to developing zooplankton monitoring programs in the Salish Sea. 9 pp. Available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/jkeister/jk_outreach.php. -
Keister, J.E., Herrmann, B., Bos, J. 2022. Zooplankton composition links to climate and salmon survival in a northern temperate fjord. Limnology and Oceanography 9999, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12208. -
Khangaonkar, T., A. Nugraha, L. Premathilake, J.E. Keister, and A. Borde. 2020. Projections of algae, eelgrass, and zooplankton ecological interactions in the inner Salish Sea – for future climate, and altered oceanic states. Ecol. Modell. 441: 109420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109420. -
Khangaonkar, T., A. Nugraha, S. K. Yun, L. Premathilake, J.E. Keister, and J. Bos. 2021. Propagation of the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave through the Salish Sea. Frontiers in Marine Science 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.787604. -
Suchy, K.D., E. Olson, S.E. Allen, M. Galbraith, B. Herrmann, J.E. Keister, R.I. Perry, A.R. Sastri, and K. Young. 2023. Seasonal and regional variability of model-based zooplankton biomass in the Salish Sea and evaluation against observations. Progress in Oceanography, 219, 103171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103171. -
Winans, A. K., B. Herrmann, and J. E. Keister. 2023. Spatio-temporal variation in zooplankton community composition in the southern Salish Sea: changes during the 2015-2016 Pacific marine heatwave. Progress in Oceanography, 214, 103022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103022. -

Contacts

Julie E. Keister
originator
position: Affiliate Professor, University of Washington
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US
email: julie.keister@noaa.gov
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-5889

Amanda Winans
originator
position: Research Engineer
University of Washington
email: awinans@uw.edu

BethElLee Herrmann
originator
University of Washington

Olga Kalata
originator
University of Washington

Julie E. Keister
metadata author
position: Affiliate Professor, University of Washington
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US
email: jkeister@u.washington.edu
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-5889

Emilio Mayorga
metadata author
position: Senior Oceanographer
University of Washington
US
email: emiliom@uw.edu
homepage: https://apl.uw.edu/people/profile.php?last_name=Mayorga&first_name=Emilio
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-4623

Amanda Winans
metadata author
position: Research Engineer
University of Washington
email: awinans@uw.edu

Emilio Mayorga
processor
University of Washington
US

Julie E. Keister
administrative point of contact
position: Affiliate Professor, University of Washington
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
US
email: julie.keister@noaa.gov
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9385-5889

Kit Yu Karen CHAN
administrative point of contact
position: Assistant Professor
University of Washington
email: kychan@uw.edu
homepage: https://karenchanlab.org/
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-4383