Odonata of a heath (kerangas) dominated mosaic forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Citation
Hendriks J A, Mariaty, Maimunah S, Anirudh N B, Holly B A, Erkens R H, Rachmawati F D, Hastomo Putri T D, Imron M A, Harrison M E (2023). Odonata of a heath (kerangas) dominated mosaic forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Version 1.7. Borneo Nature Foundation. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/r4yhhr accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-03.Description
Aquatic insects, particularly members of the Order Odonata, have been long considered as good bioindicators for tracking response in ecosystem shifts and gradients, in both larval and adult life-staged (Valente-Neto, et al., 2016). In tropical regions, Odonata diversity can be high. The forests and peatlands of Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) are one area that accommodates a variety of Odonata species with high endemicity due to habitat diversification (Dolný et al., 2011; Dow & Silvius, 2014). One ecosystem that has not been explored extensively for its Odonata communities is the mixed-mosaic heath (kerangas) forests. Three previous studies on Odonata have been conducted in only heath forests in Indonesia (Orr, 2001; Orr, 2006; Purwanto et al., 2019). With this in mind, we conducted a preliminary study of the Odonata community in the mixed mosaic kerangas dominated forest of the Mungku Baru Education Forest (KHDTK) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia.
This research was led by Jorian A. Hendriks as part of his undergraduate thesis at the Maastricht University, Netherlands. The research contributes to a larger programme of documenting the biodiversity of and conserving this unique habitat type in Central Kalimantan undertaken by Borneo Nature Foundation (BNF) and Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya (UMP) who manage the KHDTK along with the local community of Mungku Baru. This research was conducted for a period of three months from November 2019 to February 2020. Data mobilization and publishing were supervised by BNF and the Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, through the Biodiversity Information Fund for Asia (BIFA). All activities were conducted under required permits from relevant local and national institutions in Indonesia.
Purpose
As a part of the Sundaland Biodiversity Hotspot, Borneo is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Despite this, scientific knowledge of species distribution and habitat requirements across the island of Kalimantan remains extremely limited, owing to limited historical scientific attention and low accessibility of much of the data that does not exist, which frequently remains unpublished or buried in grey literature. This is reflected in peer-reviewed journals and the low number of records for the region in the GBIF database. Such low geographic and taxonomic biological data availability over such a large, biodiverse, variable area as Kalimantan hinders effective conservation planning at both site and landscape levels. Our goal in using and publishing resources on the GBIF database is to help enhance biodiversity research and conservation efforts in Kalimantan through increasing data availability for research analyses and to inform support evidence-based conservation policy decision making.
Sampling Description
Study Extent
The research was conducted in the the Forest Area for Special Purposes (KHDTK), Mungku Baru that covers 4,910 ha of a heath dominated mixed mosaic habitat type that is characteristic of the larger landscape that it is situated in. In this research, data collection was conducted in an existing transect system, where two transects were chosen in each of the three main distinguishable habitat types within the mosaic, i.e. Kerangas (K), Low pole peat forest (LP) and mixed swamp forest/stream edge forest (MSF).Sampling
Two lines transects of 250 m in length and 0.5 m in width were surveyed for Odonata within each of the three habitat types (Kerangas, low pole peat and mixed swamp forest), resulting in six transects in total. Each transect was surveyed twice per day at 09:00 and 14:30 Western Indonesian Time, to coincide with the peak activity period of Odonata. To better represent habitat conditions and their impact on Odonata ecology, the transects included both water and open canopy areas for each habitat category. Throughout the study period, each transect was surveyed eight times. All Odonata spotted during surveys were captured using an aerial net. Each individual captured was marked (abdomen or wing with a permanent marker), photographed, and released at the site of capture. To ensure accurate identification, photographs were taken of the lateral, dorsal and ventral views, and close-ups taken of their anal appendage. The surveys were only conducted on clear days without rain. Any behaviours/activities such as feeding, mating, ovipositing, and tenerals were recorded as additional data. In such cases, individuals were not captured using nets but were still identified by sight to the species level when possible.Quality Control
1. Surveys were conducted based on best practice field guidelines for flying insect surveys (Pollard, 1975; Pollard, 1977; Walpole & Sheldon, 1999; Van Swaay, 2003; Oppel, 2006). 2. All data were collected using a standardised method (line transects with Odonata captured using aerial nets and released). Transects were fixed at 250 m in length and 0.5 m in width. Survey times and days were kept constant over the study period. 3. Specific field data sheets were prepared accommodating all relevant data for Odonata surveys, including species identification and recapture remarks, habitat type, environmental data, weather data, morphological measurements and demographics of each caught individual. 4. Data were recorded by trained personnel to minimise risk of death or damage to individuals during capture and to ensure consistency in data collection and quality. 5. The main field guide used for Odonata identification was developed for the nearby Sebangau National Park by B. Holly, I. Kulu and Iwan (2018) and 'A Guide to The Dragonflies of Borneo' by Orr and Hämäläinen (2003). Additional literature sources and researchers with past experience of surveying Odonata in the region (B. Holly, R. Dow) were consulted for assistance in identifying unknown species. Online biodiversity databases were also used in some cases (e.g. biodiversitylibrary.org). 6. Field data were inspected, cleaned and any taxonomical issue with respect to nomenclature were resolved. The data were transformed to the Darwin Core, ISO, UTF-8, and JSON standards and formats. To ensure the quality of the data, it was double checked by relevant project personnel.Method steps
- Odonata were surveyed through walking transects of 250 m length using the aerial nets method to capture, identify, mark and release sighted individuals.
- Surveys were conducted twice a day at 09:00h and 14:30h, during the peak activity periods of Odonata
- Each adult Odonata sighted during surveys was captured, photographed, identified, marked and released at the site of capture.
- Weather data (categorized into sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, and rain-laden clouds) was visually determined every 15 minutes. Surveys were not conducted during rain.
- Environmental data on the percentage of surface water, pH and temperature of surface water if present, surface water attribute (lotic, lentic or absent), incident light (direct or diffused) and canopy cover were recorded at each capture location within a 5 m diameter of the sight of capture and at every 25 m intervals on the transect.
- Unknown species were identified with the assistance of regional Odonata experts and identification reference guides.
- Data from tally sheets were digitized into Excel worksheet format and stored in a single electronic database. From the original dataset, data were cleaned and only relevant fields for this occurrence resource were retained.
- All scientific names and taxonomic validations were redone by the resource creator using GBIF backbone and Global Name Resolver to ensure the species names were accurate.
- Field notes form the original data were separated into four different remarks as per the Darwin Core Standard i.e., organismRemarks, identificationRemarks, occurrenceRemarks and eventRemarks .
- Measurement data were segregated and included in the DwC field dynamicProperties and taxonRemarks fields. The dynamicProperties contain environmental data such as percentage of surface water, pH, and temperature, whereas the taxonRemarks field includes morphological measurements of individual Odonata captured during surveys.
- All data in this dataset were standardized to ISO 8601, ISO 316-1-alpha-2, JSON, and Darwin Core standards.
- Data cleaning, transformation, and formatting involved using Microsoft Excel and Open Refine.
- Final steps for preparing this dataset were done by running it through the GBIF validator.
Taxonomic Coverages
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Zygopteracommon name: Damselfly rank: suborder
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Anisopteracommon name: Dragonfly rank: suborder
Geographic Coverages
Bibliographic Citations
- Buckley, B. J. W., Capilla, B. R., Maimunah, S., Adul, Armadyanto, Boyd, N., … Harrison, M. E. (2018). Biodiversity, Forest Structure & Conservation Importance of the Mungku Baru Education Forest, Rungan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Palangka Raya. - www.borneonature.org
- Dolný, A., Bárta, D., Lhota, S., Rusdianto, & Drozd, P. (2011). Dragonflies (Odonata) in the Bornean rain forest as indicators of changes in biodiversity resulting from forest modification and destruction. Tropical Zoology, 24(1), 63–86. -
- Dow, R. A., & Silvius, M. J. (2014). Results of an Odonata survey carried out in the peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, in 2012. Faunistic Studies in South-East Asian and Pacific Island Odonata, 7(January), 1–37. -
- Hendriks, J. A. (2020). A Preliminary Study of Odonata Communities in a Mixed-Mosaic Habitat Structure in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia (Maastricht University). - https://www.borneonaturefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Hendriks-20-Odonata-in-mixed-mosaic-habitat-KHDTK-BSc.pdf
- Oppel, S. (2006) Using distance sampling to quantify Odonata density in tropical rainforests. International Journal of Odonatology, 9(1), 81-88 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2006.9748265
- Orr, A. G. (2001). An annotated checklist of the Odonata of Brunei with ecological notes and descriptions of hitherto unknown males and larvae. International Journal of Odonatology, 4(2), 167-220. - https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2001.9748168
- Orr, A. G. (2006). Odonata in Bornean tropical rain forest formations: diversity, endemicity and implications for conservation management. In: Adolfo Cordero Rivera (ed). Forest and Dragonflies, Fourth WDA International Symposium of Odonatology, Pontevedra (Spain), July 2005. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, pp. 51-78. -
- Pollard, E. (1975). A method of assessing the abundance of butterflies in Monks WOod National Nature Reserve in 1973. Entomologist’s Gaz., 26, 79-88. - CRID: 1571135649917380608
- Pollard, E. (1977). A method for assessing changes in the abundance of butterflies. Biological Conservation, 12(2), 115-134. - https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(77)90065-9
- Purwanto, P. B., Zaman, M. N., Akbar, M., & Arief, M. (2019, March). Study of Odonata Diversity in Kerangas Forest Sukadamai Village and Punai Beach Simpang Pesak, Belitung Timur. In Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering (Vol. 2, pp. 133-136). - https://doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.71
- Valente-Neto, F., De Oliveira Roque, F., Rodrigues, M. E., Juen, L., & Swan, C. M. (2016). Toward a practical use of Neotropical odonates as bioindicators: Testing congruence across taxonomic resolution and life stages. Ecological Indicators, 61, 952–959. - 10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.052
- Van Swaay, C. A. M. (2003). Butterfly densities on line transects in The Netherlands from 1990-2001. Entomologische Berichten-Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereenigung, 63(4), 82-87 -
- Walpole, M. J., & Sheldon, I. R. (1999). Sampling butterflies in tropical rainforest: an evaluation of a transect walk method. Biological Conservation, 87(1), 85-91. - https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(98)00037-8
Contacts
Jorian A. Hendriksoriginator
position: Data Provider / Student
University of Wageningen
NL
Mariaty
originator
position: Lecturer and Head of Technical Unit of the Mungku Baru Educational Forest (KHDTK)
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya
Central Kalimantan
ID
email: iyoetkapuas@gmail.com
Siti Maimunah
originator
position: Research Counterpart
Instiper Yogyakarta
ID
email: sitimararil@gmail.com
Namrata B. Anirudh
originator
position: PhD student and Associate Researcher
Universitas Indonesia and Borneo Nature Foundation
ID
email: namrata.anirudh@gmail.com
Brendan A. Holly
originator
position: Associate Researcher
Borneo Nature Foundation
US
email: bholly24@gmail.com
Roy H.J. Erkens
originator
position: Professor
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht Science Programme
NL
email: roy.erkens@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Farah Dini Rachmawati
originator
position: Implementation Officer
Universitas Gadjah Mada
ID
email: farahdinirachmawati@gmail.com
Tungga Dewi Hastomo Putri
originator
position: Implementation Officer
Universitas Gadjah Mada
ID
email: Tdhp25@gmail.com
Muhammad Ali Imron
originator
position: Professor
Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Universitas Gadjah Mada
ID
email: maimron@ugm.ac.id
Mark E. Harrison
originator
position: Postdoctoral Research Fellow
University of Exeter and University of Leicester
GB
email: m.e.harrison_me@exeter.ac.uk
Tungga Dewi Hastomo Putri
metadata author
position: Implementation Officer
Universitas Gadjah Mada
ID
email: Tdhp25@gmail.com
Namrata B. Anirudh
metadata author
position: PhD student / Associate Research
Universitas Indonesia / Borneo Nature Foundation
ID
email: namrata.anirudh@gmail.com
Jorian A. Hendriks
metadata author
position: Student and Data Provider
University of Wageningen
NL
email: hendriks.jorian@gmail.com
Mark E. Harrison
metadata author
position: Postdoctoral Research Fellow
University of Exeter and University of Leicester
GB
email: m.e.harrison_me@exeter.ac.uk
Mariaty S. Hut., MP
administrative point of contact
position: Head of the Technical Management Unit of KHDTK Mungku Baru, Central Kalimantan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya
Central Kalimantan
ID
email: iyoetkapuas@gmail.com
Siti Maimunah
administrative point of contact
position: Faculty of Forestry
Instiper Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta
ID
email: sitimararil@gmail.com
Brendan A. Holly
reviewer
position: Independent Researcher
Virginia
US
email: bholly24@gmail.com
Roy H. J. Erkens
reviewer
position: Faculty of Science and Engineering
University of Maastricht
Limburg
NL
email: roy.erkens@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Rory A. Dow
administrative point of contact
position: Research Associate and Member
Naturalis Biodiversity Centre and IUCN Odonata Specialist Group
Leiden
NL
email: rory.dow238@yahoo.co.uk
David Bloom
administrative point of contact
VertNet
US
Muhammad Ali Imron
reviewer
position: Professor
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta
ID
email: maimron@ugm.ac.id
Jorian A. Hendriks
administrative point of contact
position: Masters Student
University of Wageningen
Gelderland
NL
email: hendriks.jorian@gmail.com
Farah Dini
administrative point of contact
position: Implementation Officer
Universitas Gadjah Mada
Yogyakarta
ID
email: farahdinirachmawati@gmail.com
Namrata B. Anirudh
administrative point of contact
position: Doctoral student
Universitas Indonesia
Central Kalimantan
ID
email: namrata.anirudh@gmail.com
Mark E. Harrison
administrative point of contact
position: Postdoctoral Research Fellow
University of Exeter and University of Leicester
Leicestershire
GB
email: m.e.harrison_me@exeter.ac.uk