The Lichen Flora of Serra de São Mamede Natural Park

Study Extent

The study was carried out in 64 locations at Serra de São Mamede Natural Park (Alentejo, Portugal) from September 1994 to September 1995. In this area the altitude of the localities varied between around 300 and 1,000 meters.

Sampling

The data was obtained from field surveys of the lichen flora carried out on Serra de São Mamede Natural Park. The floristic study consisted of collecting and identifying as many species as possible in each locality, while the vegetation study was based on phytosociological tests carried out according to the methods proposed by BRAUN-BLANQUET (1964). In each locality, different parameters were registered, as following: altitude, exposure, UTM square (1x1 km) and the substrate on which the specimens were collected. This study also based on herbarium material, previously collected in the Natural Park by C. N. Tavares and R. T. Palhinha, between 1941 and 1959.

Quality Control

All initial data was inserted in a specific relational database built specifically for the project, which implemented several quality control methods. In the preparation of the dataset for GBIF publication, data consistency was verified using cluster algorithms using OpenRefine.

Method steps

1. The following steps were performed: - Data was extracted from the paper regarding the sampling sites and the floristic list, which resulted in two tables: events and occurrences, respectively; - The original coordinates based in European 1950 UTM system were converted to decimal degrees, expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates based in WGS84 datum using "MRGS to Lat Long" (http://82.154.207.91:8080/Porbiota_Web_Apps/MGRStoLatLon).
2. Some lichen taxa, in the paper with a lozenge immediatelly before the scientific name from "Lista Florística", from Serra de São Mamede Natural Park were not collected by Palmira Carvalho during her field work, but were examined in herbarium. These taxa (listed below) were not included in the dataset, since it was not possible to make a correlation with the sampling events: - Aspicilia recedens (Taylor) Arnold - Buellia griseovirens (Sm.) Almb. - Candelariella coralliza (Nyl.) Magnusson - Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticilata (Hoffm.) Ahti - Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis (Flörke) Nimis - Cladonia mediterranea Duvig. & des Abb. - Cladonia subcervicornis (Vainio) Kernst. - Collema crispum (Hudson) Wigg. - Collema cristatum (L.) Wigg. - Collema fasciculare (L.) Wigg. - Diploschistes ocellatus (Vill.) Norm. - Gyalideopsis athaloides (Nyl.) Vezda - Leptochidium albociliatum (Desm.) M. Choisy - Leptogium microphylloides Nyl. - Leptogium schraderi (Ach.) Nyl. - Miriquidica deusta (Stenh.) Hertel & Rambold - Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy - Peltigera didactyla (With.) Laundon - Peltigera polydactyla (Necker) Hoffm. - Phaeophyscia chloantha (Ach. ) Moberg - Phaeophyscia nigricans (Flörke) Moberg - Physcia phaea (Tuck.) Thomson - Squamarina gypsacea (Sm.) Poelt - Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm. ) Ach. - Thelomma siliceum (Fée) Tibell - Verrucaria nigrescens Pers.
3. Event table: - In the term "verbatimElevation" the ca. symbol means 'around'. Occurrence table: - In the DwC term "scientificName", the names of the species and their respective authors may have been abbreviated differently from the paper following names as in GBIF; - In the term "associatedTaxa", whenever possible, was provided the name of the species as a substrate where the lichen was found on. This information was obtained from field observations carried out by Palmira Carvalho also pointed in the term "occurrenceRemarks"; - In the term "dynamicProperties", whenever possible was provided the information that the species was examined in herbarium (material previoulsly collected by C. N. Tavares), also results of phytogeographic analysis and ecological index (hygrophilic and photophilic) of each species. The phytogeographic analysis was based in the method proposed by WIRTH (1980), providing data of the longitudinal and latitudinal variation of the distribution of the species in Europe. The ecological floristic-vegetational data are based on the ecological indices proposed by WIRTH (1980) and NIMIS et al. (1987). The different classes are bellow:
   Hygrophilic index (H): 1 - Extremely hygrophilic 2 - Very hygrophilic 3 - Little hygrophilic 4 - Mesophilic 5 - Little xerophytic 6 - Very xerophytic Photophilic index (L): 1 - Very esciophilic 2 - Little esciophilic 3 - Moderately esciophilic 4 - Little photophilic 5 - Very photophilic
4. - In the term "catalogNumber", whenever possible was refered to the catalogue number of the specimens hosted in the LISU collection of the Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Universidade de Lisboa.

This dataset includes 1,593 occurrence records of 220 lichen taxa, being 210 species, 02 subspecies and 08 varieties within 44 families and 18 orders, as following: Acarosporales, Arthoniales, Baeomycetales, Caliciales, Candelariales, Coryneliales, Lecanorales, Lecideales, Lichinales, Mycocaliciales, Ostropales, Peltigerales, Pertusariales, Rhizocarpales, Strigulales, Teloschistales, Umbilicariales and Verrucariales.

1. Fungi
   rank: kingdom
2. Ascomycota
   rank: phylum
3. Lecanoromycetes
   rank: class
4. Candelariomycetes
   rank: class
5. Eurotiomycetes
   rank: class
6. Arthoniomycetes
   rank: class
7. Lichinomycetes
   rank: class
8. Sordariomycetes
   rank: class
9. Dothideomycetes
   rank: class
10. Acarosporales
    rank: order
11. Caliciales
    rank: order
12. Pertusariales
    rank: order
13. Lecanorales
    rank: order
14. Teloschistales
    rank: order
15. Candelariales
    rank: order
16. Verrucariales
    rank: order
17. Arthoniales
    rank: order
18. Peltigerales
    rank: order
19. Ostropales
    rank: order
20. Lichinales
    rank: order
21. Umbilicariales
    rank: order
22. Lecideales
    rank: order
23. Rhizocarpales
    rank: order
24. Mycocaliciales
    rank: order
25. Coryneliales
    rank: order
26. Strigulales
    rank: order
27. Baeomycetales
    rank: order
28. Acarosporaceae
    rank: family
29. Caliciaceae
    rank: family
30. Megasporaceae
    rank: family
31. Ramalinaceae
    rank: family
32. Parmeliaceae
    rank: family
33. Teloschistaceae
    rank: family
34. Candelariaceae
    rank: family
35. Verrucariaceae
    rank: family
36. Chrysotrichaceae
    rank: family
37. Cladoniaceae
    rank: family
38. Collemataceae
    rank: family
39. Pannariaceae
    rank: family
40. Lobariaceae
    rank: family
41. Graphidaceae
    rank: family
42. Lichinaceae
    rank: family
43. Physciaceae
    rank: family
44. Ophioparmaceae
    rank: family
45. Koerberiaceae
    rank: family
46. Umbilicariaceae
    rank: family
47. Lecanoraceae
    rank: family
48. Lecideaceae
    rank: family
49. Roccellaceae
    rank: family
50. Leprocaulaceae
    rank: family
51. Stereocaulaceae
    rank: family
52. Obryzaceae
    rank: family
53. Massalongiaceae
    rank: family
54. Pilocarpaceae
    rank: family
55. Nephromataceae
    rank: family
56. Ochrolechiaceae
    rank: family
57. Gyalectaceae
    rank: family
58. Peltigeraceae
    rank: family
59. Pertusariaceae
    rank: family
60. Phlyctidaceae
    rank: family
61. Placynthiaceae
    rank: family
62. Rhizocarpaceae
    rank: family
63. Fuscideaceae
    rank: family
64. Scoliciosporaceae
    rank: family
65. Catillariaceae
    rank: family
66. Sphinctrinaceae
    rank: family
67. Coryneliaceae
    rank: family
68. Strigulaceae
    rank: family
69. Mycoblastaceae
    rank: family
70. Stictidaceae
    rank: family
71. Trapeliaceae
    rank: family

Serra de São Mamede Natural Park (PNSSM), Portalegre, Alentejo, Portugal. It is located in central eastern Portugal, along the border with Spain, covering an area of 31,750 ha.