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Avian communities of betel nut plantation and secondary forest in Taiwan

Citation

Tsai J, Chang C, Huang P, Ko J C, Hsu F (2025). Avian communities of betel nut plantation and secondary forest in Taiwan. Version 1.4. Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/wkdnqx accessed via GBIF.org on 2025-01-21.

Description

This is a project focusing on understanding avian communities in betel nut plantation and secondary forest in Taiwan. We collected the data in the breeding season (March to May) in 2015 and 2016 in a total of 80 sites in five counties in central Taiwan. There are 5 sampling points in each site and we collected avian community data in each point twice in each season.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

We conducted five point count surveys in 40 betel nut and 40 secondary forest plots in March to May 2015 and 2016 in central Taiwan.

Sampling

Following a standard point count procedure (Buckland et al. 2005), we spent 6 minutes at each point to record the number of different bird species we saw and heard and the distance of each bird determined by Laser range finder (Nikon laser 1000AS).

Quality Control

To avoid human error, the investigation was conducted by four professional investigators. For distance measurement, a laser rangefinder was used to obtain actual measurements, standardizing the investigators’ reference points. The taxonomic system follows the Checklist of Birds of Taiwan maintained by the Bird Record Committee of the Chinese Wild Bird Federation (Ding et al. 2023).

Method steps

  1. 1. We identified homogenous patches of secondary forest and betel nut plantation below 1000 m above sea level using Google Earth software (Google Inc.) that are larger than 13.6 ha. 2. We then selected 40 secondary forest and 40 betel nut plantation plots that are at least 4 km apart from plot center. Within in each plot, we set up 5 sampling points along the established road system and each point was at least 200 m apart to avoid double counting. 3. Bird sampling was conducted within 4 hours after sunrise on clear day (without rain and strong wind). Each sampling point was surveyed twice in breeding season (March to May). 4. For each bird record, the bird species (the smallest taxonomic unit: species), number of individuals (number), horizontal distance to the observer (2015: 0-25m, 25-100m, >100m, flyover; 2016: taken every 10m as a band, flyover), and flock formation with more than five individuals were recorded. 5. For each sampling point record, investigation date (year, month, and day), starting time, observer, weather condition (clear, cloudy, overcast, fog, drizzle, or showers), and wind speed were recorded.

Taxonomic Coverages

This dataset focus on the avian communities in Taiwan. The detailed order and family are described below
  1. Pellorneidae
    rank: family
  2. Estrildidae
    rank: family
  3. Monarchidae
    rank: family
  4. Vireonidae
    rank: family
  5. Corvidae
    rank: family
  6. Cuculiformes
    rank: order
  7. Phylloscopidae
    rank: family
  8. Columbidae
    rank: family
  9. Muscicapidae
    rank: family
  10. Motacillidae
    rank: family
  11. Animalia
    rank: kingdom
  12. Cuculidae
    rank: family
  13. Galliformes
    rank: order
  14. Aegithalidae
    rank: family
  15. Scotocercidae
    rank: family
  16. Passeriformes
    rank: order
  17. Pycnonotidae
    rank: family
  18. Zosteropidae
    rank: family
  19. Pelecaniformes
    rank: order
  20. Picidae
    rank: family
  21. Leiothrichidae
    rank: family
  22. Accipitriformes
    rank: order
  23. Sturnidae
    rank: family
  24. Pandionidae
    rank: family
  25. Chordata
    rank: phylum
  26. Gruiformes
    rank: order
  27. Megalaimidae
    rank: family
  28. Fringillidae
    rank: family
  29. Columbiformes
    rank: order
  30. Alcedinidae
    rank: family
  31. Aves
    rank: class
  32. Apodiformes
    rank: order
  33. Passeridae
    rank: family
  34. Accipitridae
    rank: family
  35. Hirundinidae
    rank: family
  36. Campephagidae
    rank: family
  37. Strigidae
    rank: family
  38. Phasianidae
    rank: family
  39. Timaliidae
    rank: family
  40. Turdidae
    rank: family
  41. Apodidae
    rank: family
  42. Rallidae
    rank: family
  43. Strigiformes
    rank: order
  44. Piciformes
    rank: order
  45. Coraciiformes
    rank: order
  46. Dicaeidae
    rank: family
  47. Laniidae
    rank: family
  48. Paridae
    rank: family
  49. Ardeidae
    rank: family
  50. Oriolidae
    rank: family
  51. Dicruridae
    rank: family
  52. Cisticolidae
    rank: family
  53. Pittidae
    rank: family

Geographic Coverages

The records in this dataset are located on the main island of central Taiwan, which is in the subtropical climate. The annual average temperature is 23℃ and the annual rainfall is 1774.3mm. Rainy season is from June to August that caused by southwest monsoon.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Su, H.-J. 1984. Studies on the climate and vegetation types of the natural forests in Taiwan (I): analysis of the variation in climatic factors. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Forestry 17 (3):1–14. -
  2. Bibby CJ, Burgess ND, Hill DA, Mustoe SH. 2000. Bird census techniques, 2nd edn. Academic, London. -
  3. Ding, T-S, Juan C-S, Lin R-S, Tsai Y-J, Wu J-L, Wu J, Yang Y-H. 2023. The 2023 CWBF Checklist of the Birds of Taiwan. Chinese Wild Bird Federation, Taipei, Taiwan. - https://www.bird.org.tw/sites/default/files/field/file/download/The%202023%20TWBF%20Checklist%20of%20the%20Birds%20of%20Taiwan%2020240624ed.pdf
  4. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, and J. L. Laake. 2005. Distance sampling. Wiley Online Library. -

Contacts

Jo-Szu Tsai
originator
position: Assistant Professor
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: ross.tsai@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7333
Chia-Hao Chang
originator
position: Research Assistant
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: chialeaf@gmail.com
Ping Huang
originator
position: Content manager
Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute
TW
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9381-6997
Jerome Chie-Jen Ko
originator
position: Associate Researcher
Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute
1, Mingshen East Road
Chichi Township
55244
Nantou
TW
Telephone: +886-49-2761331
email: jeromeko.tw@gmail.com
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-604X
Fu-Hsiung Hsu
originator
position: Associate Professor
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7828
email: richbear@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
Jo-Szu Tsai
metadata author
position: Assistant Professor
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: ross.tsai@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7333
Chia-Hao Chang
metadata author
position: Student
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: chialeaf@gmail.com
Ping Huang
metadata author
position: Content manager
Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute
TW
email: pisacat@gmail.com
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9381-6997
Jo-Szu Tsai
author
position: Assistant Professor
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: ross.tsai@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7333
Chia-Hao Chang
content provider
position: Student
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: chialeaf@gmail.com
Jerome Chie-Jen Ko
editor
position: Associate Researcher
Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute
1, Mingshen East Road
Chichi Township
55244
Nantou
TW
Telephone: +886-49-2761331
email: jeromeko.tw@gmail.com
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-604X
Ping Huang
editor
position: Content manager
Taiwan Biodiversity Research Institute
C301, No. 28, Ln 70, Academia Rd. Sec. 2.
Nangang Dist.
11574
Taipei
TW
userId: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9381-6997
Jo-Szu Tsai
administrative point of contact
position: Assistant Professor
National Chiayi University
No.300 Syuefu Rd.
Chiayi City
600355
TW
Telephone: +886-5-271-7580
email: ross.tsai@mail.ncyu.edu.tw
userId: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-7333
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