Ichthyological Collection of the Museu Oceanográfico do Rei D. Carlos I

Study Extent

The specimens belonging to King Carlos’s ichthyological collection can be divided in three groups: the specimens caught during the king’s oceanographic campaigns, the specimens caught by the king outside the campaigns, and those offered to the king. All specimens were captured in Portuguese coastal waters, those caught by the king were captured mostly in the area between the Cabo da Roca and Setubal, and some in the Algarve. The specimens were captured year round, between 1892 and 1907, but the oceanographic campaigns were usually held in the spring and summer months, from 1896 to 1907.

Sampling

The specimens were caught using a variety of fishing nets, lines and traps (côvo). The line fishing methods include longline fishing (espinhel) and angling. The fishing nets used range from bottom and midwater trawls to dragnets. Traditional fishing techniques may also have been used, as some specimens were bought in markets or offered by fishermen, but there is no record for those. There is also record of one specimen being harpooned.

Quality Control

The validity of species’ names was checked using both FishBase (Froese and Pauly, 2017) and the Catalogue of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al., 2017). Synonymy was checked across all three catalogues, if incongruences were found between catalogues the earliest name on record was used for disambiguation. If the names used in the earliest catalogue did not resolve the nomenclatural inconsistency, geographical ranges of the species were checked and used to assign the currently accepted species name. When these steps were insufficient to identify the correct species, Dr Carlos Assis was invited to identify the specimens. Lastly, for mislabelled elasmobranch specimens, the identification keys in Sharks of the World (Compagno, 1986) were used.

Method steps

1. The work started by cross checking the existing electronic and card catalogues with the published 1942 catalogue (Gonçalves, 1942), as well as the labels, and generating a new catalogue with all non-conflicting information. For the taxonomy fields, FishBase (Froese and Pauly, 2017) and the Catalogue of Fishes (Eschmeyer et al., 2017) were used to identify the currently accepted name for each species. All the records were checked for synonymy, when inconsistencies arose between the existing records, the geographically concordant species name was chosen. For those records where this criterion could not be used, the elasmobranch specimens were identified using Compagno’s Sharks of the World (1984), and actinopterygian specimens were identified by Dr Carlos Assis.
2. Once the taxonomical revision was complete, the records belonging to the Museu Oceanográfico do Rei D. Carlos I were separated onto a DarwinCore compatible Excel file. This initial file was enriched with data taken from the king’s records of his oceanographic campaigns.

The collection is made up of specimens in the Myxini, Petromyzonti, Elasmobranchii, Holocephali and Actinopterygii classes. The Myxini, Petromyzonti and Holocephali classes are each represented by a single species. There are 30 genera and 38 species of elasmobranchs represented, from 8 orders and 23 families. There are 163 genera and 192 species of actinopterygians, from 24 orders and 94 families. Of 675 records, 652 are identified to the species or subspecies level, representing a total of 196 genera, and 233 species.

1. Animalia
   rank: kingdom
2. Chordata
   rank: phylum
3. Myxini
   rank: class
4. Myxiniformes
   rank: order
5. Myxinidae
   rank: family
6. Myxine
   rank: genus
7. Myxine glutinosa
   rank: species
8. Petromyzonti
   rank: class
9. Petromyzontiformes
   rank: order
10. Petromyzontidae
    rank: family
11. Petromyzon
    rank: genus
12. Petromyzon marinus
    rank: species
13. Holocephali
    rank: class
14. Chimaeriformes
    rank: order
15. Chimaeridae
    rank: family
16. Chimaera
    rank: genus
17. Chimaera monstrosa
    rank: species
18. Elasmobranchii
    rank: class
19. Carcharhiniformes
    rank: order
20. Carcharhinidae
    rank: family
21. Carcharhinus
    rank: genus
22. Carcharhinus obscurus
    rank: species
23. Prionace
    rank: genus
24. Prionace glauca
    rank: species
25. Pseudotriakidae
    rank: family
26. Pseudotriakis
    rank: genus
27. Pseudotriakis microdon
    rank: species
28. Scyliorhinidae
    rank: family
29. Galeus
    rank: genus
30. Galeus melastomus
    rank: species
31. Scyliorhinus
    rank: genus
32. Scyliorhinus canicula
    rank: species
33. Scyliorhinus stellaris
    rank: species
34. Sphyrnidae
    rank: family
35. Sphyrna
    rank: genus
36. Sphyrna zygaena
    rank: species
37. Triakidae
    rank: family
38. Galeorhinus
    rank: genus
39. Galeorhinus galeus
    rank: species
40. Mustelus
    rank: genus
41. Mustelus mustelus
    rank: species
42. Hexanchiformes
    rank: order
43. Chlamydoselachidae
    rank: family
44. Chlamydoselachus
    rank: genus
45. Chlamydoselachus anguineus
    rank: species
46. Hexanchidae
    rank: family
47. Hexanchus
    rank: genus
48. Hexanchus griseus
    rank: species
49. Heptranchias
    rank: genus
50. Heptranchias perlo
    rank: species
51. Lamniformes
    rank: order
52. Alopiidae
    rank: family
53. Alopias
    rank: genus
54. Alopias vulpinus
    rank: species
55. Cetorhinidae
    rank: family
56. Cetorhinus
    rank: genus
57. Cetorhinus maximus
    rank: species
58. Lamnidae
    rank: family
59. Lamna
    rank: genus
60. Lamna nasus
    rank: species
61. Isurus
    rank: genus
62. Isurus oxyrinchus
    rank: species
63. Mitsukurinidae
    rank: family
64. Mitsukurina
    rank: genus
65. Mitsukurina owstoni
    rank: species
66. Myliobatiformes
    rank: order
67. Myliobatidae
    rank: family
68. Myliobatis
    rank: genus
69. Myliobatis aquila
    rank: species
70. Rajiformes
    rank: order
71. Rajidae
    rank: family
72. Raja
    rank: genus
73. Raja clavata
    rank: species
74. Raja montagui
    rank: species
75. Raja undulata
    rank: species
76. Rajella
    rank: genus
77. Rajella lintea
    rank: species
78. Rhinobatidae
    rank: family
79. Rhinobatos
    rank: genus
80. Rhinobatos rhinobatos
    rank: species
81. Squaliformes
    rank: order
82. Centophoridae
    rank: family
83. Centrophorus
    rank: genus
84. Centrophorus granulosus
    rank: species
85. Centrophorus lusitanicus
    rank: species
86. Centrophorus squamosus
    rank: species
87. Deania
    rank: genus
88. Deania calcea
    rank: species
89. Dalatiidae
    rank: family
90. Dalatias
    rank: genus
91. Dalatias licha
    rank: species
92. Echinorhinidae
    rank: family
93. Echinorhinus
    rank: genus
94. Echinorhinus brucus
    rank: species
95. Etmopteridae
    rank: family
96. Etmopterus
    rank: genus
97. Etmopterus pusillus
    rank: species
98. Etmopterus spinax
    rank: species
99. Oxynotidae
    rank: family
100. Oxynotus
     rank: genus
101. Oxynotus centrina
     rank: species
102. Somniosidae
     rank: family
103. Centroscymnus
     rank: genus
104. Centroscymnus coelolepis
     rank: species
105. Scymnodon
     rank: genus
106. Scymnodon ringens
     rank: species
107. Squalidae
     rank: family
108. Squalus
     rank: genus
109. Squalus acanthias
     rank: species
110. Squalus blainville
     rank: species
111. Squatiniformes
     rank: order
112. Squatinidae
     rank: family
113. Squatina
     rank: genus
114. Squatina squatina
     rank: species
115. Torpediniformes
     rank: order
116. Torpedinidae
     rank: family
117. Torpedo
     rank: genus
118. Torpedo marmorata
     rank: species
119. Torpedo torpedo
     rank: species
120. Actinopterygii
     rank: class
121. Anguilliformes
     rank: order
122. Anguillidae
     rank: family
123. Anguilla
     rank: genus
124. Anguilla anguilla
     rank: species
125. Congridae
     rank: family
126. Conger
     rank: genus
127. Conger conger
     rank: species
128. Muraenidae
     rank: family
129. Muraena
     rank: genus
130. Muraena helena
     rank: species
131. Nemichthyidae
     rank: family
132. Nemichthys
     rank: genus
133. Nemichthys scolopaceus
     rank: species
134. Ophichthidae
     rank: family
135. Ophisurus
     rank: genus
136. Ophisurus serpens
     rank: species
137. Synaphobranchidae
     rank: family
138. Synaphobranchus
     rank: genus
139. Synaphobranchus kaupii
     rank: species
140. Atheriniformes
     rank: order
141. Atherinidae
     rank: family
142. Atherina
     rank: genus
143. Atherina presbyter
     rank: species
144. Aulopiformes
     rank: order
145. Alepisauridae
     rank: family
146. Alepisaurus
     rank: genus
147. Alepisaurus ferox
     rank: species
148. Aulopidae
     rank: family
149. Aulopus
     rank: genus
150. Aulopus filamentosus
     rank: species
151. Batrachoidiformes
     rank: order
152. Batrachoididae
     rank: family
153. Halobatrachus
     rank: genus
154. Halobatrachus didactylus
     rank: species
155. Beloniformes
     rank: order
156. Belonidae
     rank: family
157. Belone
     rank: genus
158. Belone belone
     rank: species
159. Scomberesocidae
     rank: family
160. Scomberesox
     rank: genus
161. Scomberesox saurus
     rank: species
162. Beryciformes
     rank: order
163. Berycidae
     rank: family
164. Beryx
     rank: genus
165. Beryx decadactylus
     rank: species
166. Beryx splendens
     rank: species
167. Trachichthyidae
     rank: family
168. Hoplostethus
     rank: genus
169. Hoplostethus mediterraneus
     rank: species
170. Clupeiformes
     rank: order
171. Clupeidae
     rank: family
172. Alosa
     rank: genus
173. Alosa falax
     rank: species
174. Sardina
     rank: genus
175. Sardina pilchardus
     rank: species
176. Gadiformes
     rank: order
177. Gadidae
     rank: family
178. Gadiculus
     rank: genus
179. Gadiculus argenteus
     rank: species
180. Micromesistius
     rank: genus
181. Micromesistius poutassou
     rank: species
182. Pollachius
     rank: genus
183. Pollachius pollachius
     rank: species
184. Trisopterus
     rank: genus
185. Trisopterus luscus
     rank: species
186. Lotidae
     rank: family
187. Ciliata
     rank: genus
188. Ciliata mustela
     rank: species
189. Gaidropsarus
     rank: genus
190. Gaidropsarus mediterraneus
     rank: species
191. Molva
     rank: genus
192. Molva macrophthalma
     rank: species
193. Molva molva
     rank: species
194. Macrouridae
     rank: family
195. Nezumia
     rank: genus
196. Trachyrincus
     rank: genus
197. Trachyrincus scabrus
     rank: species
198. Merlucciidae
     rank: family
199. Merluccius
     rank: genus
200. Merluccius merluccius
     rank: species
201. Moridae
     rank: family
202. Gadella
     rank: genus
203. Gadella maraldi
     rank: species
204. Halargyreus
     rank: genus
205. Halargyreus johnsonii
     rank: species
206. Mora
     rank: genus
207. Mora moro
     rank: species
208. Phycidae
     rank: family
209. Phycis
     rank: genus
210. Phycis blennoides
     rank: species
211. Phycis phycis
     rank: species
212. Gobiesociformes
     rank: order
213. Gobiesocidae
     rank: family
214. Diplecogaster
     rank: genus
215. Diplecogaster bimaculata
     rank: species
216. Lepadogaster
     rank: genus
217. Lepadogaster lepadogaster
     rank: species
218. Lampriformes
     rank: order
219. Lampridae
     rank: family
220. Lampris
     rank: genus
221. Lampris guttatus
     rank: species
222. Regalecidae
     rank: family
223. Regalecus
     rank: genus
224. Regalecus glesne
     rank: species
225. Trachipteridae
     rank: family
226. Trachipterus
     rank: genus
227. Trachipterus trachypterus
     rank: species
228. Lophiiformes
     rank: order
229. Antennariidae
     rank: family
230. Antennarius
     rank: genus
231. Chaunacidae
     rank: family
232. Chaunax
     rank: genus
233. Chaunax pictus
     rank: species
234. Himantolophidae
     rank: family
235. Himantolophus
     rank: genus
236. Himantolophus groenlandicus
     rank: species
237. Lophiidae
     rank: family
238. Lophius
     rank: genus
239. Lophius budegassa
     rank: species
240. Myctophiformes
     rank: order
241. Myctophidae
     rank: family
242. Diaphus
     rank: genus
243. Diaphus rafinesquii
     rank: species
244. Symbolophorus
     rank: genus
245. Symbolophorus veranyi
     rank: species
246. Notacanrhiformes
     rank: order
247. Notacanthidae
     rank: family
248. Notacanthus
     rank: genus
249. Notacanthus chemnitzii
     rank: species
250. Ophidiiformes
     rank: order
251. Carapidae
     rank: family
252. Carapus
     rank: genus
253. Carapus acus
     rank: species
254. Ophidiidae
     rank: family
255. Ophidion
     rank: genus
256. Ophidion barbatum
     rank: species
257. Osmeriformes
     rank: order
258. Alepocephalidae
     rank: family
259. Alepocephalus
     rank: genus
260. Alepocephalus bairdii
     rank: species
261. Xenodermichthys
     rank: genus
262. Xenodermichthys copei
     rank: species
263. Argentinidae
     rank: family
264. Argentina
     rank: genus
265. Argentina sphyraena
     rank: species
266. Perciformes
     rank: order
267. Ammodytidae
     rank: family
268. Ammodytes
     rank: genus
269. Ammodytes tobianus
     rank: species
270. Gymnammodytes
     rank: genus
271. Gymnammodytes cicerelus
     rank: species
272. Hyperoplus
     rank: genus
273. Hyperoplus lanceolatus
     rank: species
274. Blenniidae
     rank: family
275. Blennius
     rank: genus
276. Blennius ocellaris
     rank: species
277. Lipophrys
     rank: genus
278. Lipophrys pholis
     rank: species
279. Parablennius
     rank: genus
280. Parablennius gattorugine
     rank: species
281. Salaria
     rank: genus
282. Salaria pavo
     rank: species
283. Bramidae
     rank: family
284. Brama
     rank: genus
285. Brama brama
     rank: species
286. Callionymidae
     rank: family
287. Callionymus
     rank: genus
288. Callionymus lyra
     rank: species
289. Callionymus risso
     rank: species
290. Caproidae
     rank: family
291. Capros
     rank: genus
292. Capros aper
     rank: species
293. Carangidae
     rank: family
294. Naucrates
     rank: genus
295. Naucrates ductor
     rank: species
296. Trachinotus
     rank: genus
297. Trachinotus ovatus
     rank: species
298. Trachurus
     rank: genus
299. Trachurus mediterraneus
     rank: species
300. Trachurus picturatus
     rank: species
301. Trachurus trachurus
     rank: species
302. Caristiidae
     rank: family
303. Caristius
     rank: genus
304. Centracanthidae
     rank: family
305. Centracanthus
     rank: genus
306. Centracanthus cirrus
     rank: species
307. Spicara
     rank: genus
308. Spicara smaris
     rank: species
309. Centrolophidae
     rank: family
310. Centrolophus
     rank: genus
311. Centrolophus niger
     rank: species
312. Schedophilus
     rank: genus
313. Schedophilus ovalis
     rank: species
314. Cepolidae
     rank: family
315. Cepola
     rank: genus
316. Cepola macrophthalma
     rank: species
317. Chiasmodontidae
     rank: family
318. Chiasmodon
     rank: genus
319. Chiasmodon niger
     rank: species
320. Clinidae
     rank: family
321. Clinitrachus
     rank: genus
322. Clinitrachus argentatus
     rank: species
323. Echeneidae
     rank: family
324. Echeneis
     rank: genus
325. Echeneis naucrates
     rank: species
326. Phtheirichthys
     rank: genus
327. Phtheirichthys lineatus
     rank: species
328. Remora
     rank: genus
329. Remora brachyptera
     rank: species
330. Remora osteochir
     rank: species
331. Remora remora
     rank: species
332. Epigonidae
     rank: family
333. Epigonus
     rank: genus
334. Epigonus telescopus
     rank: species
335. Gempylidae
     rank: family
336. Nesiarchus
     rank: genus
337. Nesiarchus nasutus
     rank: species
338. Ruvettus
     rank: genus
339. Ruvettus pretiosus
     rank: species
340. Gobiidae
     rank: family
341. Deltentosteus
     rank: genus
342. Deltentosteus quadrimaculatus
     rank: species
343. Gobius
     rank: genus
344. Gobius auratus
     rank: species
345. Gobius cobitis
     rank: species
346. Gobius paganellus
     rank: species
347. Gobius niger
     rank: species
348. Gobiidae
     rank: family
349. Gobiusculus
     rank: genus
350. Gobiusculus flavescens
     rank: species
351. Lesueurigobius
     rank: genus
352. Lesueurigobius friesii
     rank: species
353. Pomatoschistus
     rank: genus
354. Pomatoschistus minutus
     rank: species
355. Haemulidae
     rank: family
356. Parapristifoma
     rank: genus
357. Parapristifoma humile
     rank: species
358. Plectorhichus
     rank: genus
359. Plectorhinchus mediterraneus
     rank: species
360. Labridae
     rank: family
361. Centrolabrus
     rank: genus
362. Centrolabrus exoletus
     rank: species
363. Coris
     rank: genus
364. Coris julis
     rank: species
365. Labrus
     rank: genus
366. Labrus bergylta
     rank: species
367. Labrus mixtus
     rank: species
368. Symphodus
     rank: genus
369. Symphodus bailloni
     rank: species
370. Symphodus melops
     rank: species
371. Moronidae
     rank: family
372. Dicentrarchus
     rank: genus
373. Dicentrarchus labrax
     rank: species
374. Dicentrarchus punctatus
     rank: species
375. Mugillidae
     rank: family
376. Chelon
     rank: genus
377. Chelon labrosus
     rank: species
378. Liza
     rank: genus
379. Liza aurata
     rank: species
380. Liza ramada
     rank: species
381. Mugil
     rank: genus
382. Mugil cephalus
     rank: species
383. Mullidae
     rank: family
384. Mullus
     rank: genus
385. Mullus barbatus
     rank: species
386. Nomeidae
     rank: family
387. Cubiceps
     rank: genus
388. Cubiceps gracilis
     rank: species
389. Polyprionidae
     rank: family
390. Polyprion
     rank: genus
391. Polyprion americanus
     rank: species
392. Pomacanthidae
     rank: family
393. Pomacentridae
     rank: family
394. Chromis
     rank: genus
395. Chromis chromis
     rank: species
396. Pomatomidae
     rank: family
397. Pomatomus
     rank: genus
398. Pomatomus saltatrix
     rank: species
399. Sciaenidae
     rank: family
400. Argyrosomus
     rank: genus
401. Argyrosomus regius
     rank: species
402. Scombridae
     rank: family
403. Auxis
     rank: genus
404. Auxis rochei
     rank: species
405. Sarda
     rank: genus
406. Sarda sarda
     rank: species
407. Scomber
     rank: genus
408. Scomber colias
     rank: species
409. Scomber scombrus
     rank: species
410. Thunnus
     rank: genus
411. Thunnus thynnus
     rank: species
412. Serranidae
     rank: family
413. Anthias
     rank: genus
414. Anthias anthias
     rank: species
415. Epinephelus
     rank: genus
416. Epinephelus marginatus
     rank: species
417. Serranus
     rank: genus
418. Serranus atricauda
     rank: species
419. Serranus cabrilla
     rank: species
420. Serranus hepatus
     rank: species
421. Sparidae
     rank: family
422. Dentex
     rank: genus
423. Dentex macrophthalmus
     rank: species
424. Diplodus
     rank: genus
425. Diplodus annularis
     rank: species
426. Diplodus sargus
     rank: species
427. Diplodus vulgaris
     rank: species
428. Lithognathus
     rank: genus
429. Lithognathus mormyrus
     rank: species
430. Oblada
     rank: genus
431. Oblada melanura
     rank: species
432. Pagellus
     rank: genus
433. Pagellus acarne
     rank: species
434. Pagellus bogaraveo
     rank: species
435. Pagrus
     rank: genus
436. Pagrus auriga
     rank: species
437. Pagrus pagrus
     rank: species
438. Sarpa
     rank: genus
439. Sarpa salpa
     rank: species
440. Sparus
     rank: genus
441. Sparus aurata
     rank: species
442. Spondyliosoma
     rank: genus
443. Spondyliosoma cantharus
     rank: species
444. Sphyraenidae
     rank: family
445. Sphyraena
     rank: genus
446. Sphyraena sphyraena
     rank: species
447. Stromateidae
     rank: family
448. Stromateus
     rank: genus
449. Stromateus fiatola
     rank: species
450. Trachinidae
     rank: family
451. Echiichthys
     rank: genus
452. Echiichthys vipera
     rank: species
453. Trachinus
     rank: genus
454. Trachinus araneus
     rank: species
455. Trachinus draco
     rank: species
456. Trichiuridae
     rank: family
457. Aphanopus
     rank: genus
458. Aphanopus carbo
     rank: species
459. Benthodesmus
     rank: genus
460. Benthodesmus simonyi
     rank: species
461. Lepidopus
     rank: genus
462. Lepidopus caudatus
     rank: species
463. Trichiurus
     rank: genus
464. Trichiurus lepturus
     rank: species
465. Uranoscopidae
     rank: family
466. Uranoscopus
     rank: genus
467. Uranoscopus scaber
     rank: species
468. Xiphiidae
     rank: family
469. Xiphias
     rank: genus
470. Xiphias gladius
     rank: species
471. Pleuronectiformes
     rank: order
472. Bothidae
     rank: family
473. Arnoglossus
     rank: genus
474. Arnoglossus laterna
     rank: species
475. Arnoglossus thori
     rank: species
476. Bothus
     rank: genus
477. Bothus podas
     rank: species
478. Citharidae
     rank: family
479. Citharus
     rank: genus
480. Citharus linguatula
     rank: species
481. Cynoglossidae
     rank: family
482. Symphurus
     rank: genus
483. Symphurus nigrescens
     rank: species
484. Scophthalmidae
     rank: family
485. Lepidorhombus
     rank: genus
486. Lepidorhombus boscii
     rank: species
487. Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis
     rank: species
488. Scophthalmus
     rank: genus
489. Scophthalmus maximus
     rank: species
490. Scophthalmus rhombus
     rank: species
491. Zeugopterus
     rank: genus
492. Zeugopterus regius
     rank: species
493. Soleidae
     rank: family
494. Dagetichthys
     rank: genus
495. Dagetichthys lusitanicus
     rank: species
496. Dicologlossa
     rank: genus
497. Dicologlossa cuneata
     rank: species
498. Microchirus
     rank: genus
499. Microchirus azevia
     rank: species
500. Microchirus ocellatus
     rank: species
501. Microchirus variegatus
     rank: species
502. Monochirus
     rank: genus
503. Monochirus hispidus
     rank: species
504. Pegusa
     rank: genus
505. Pegusa lascaris
     rank: species
506. Solea
     rank: genus
507. Solea senegalensis
     rank: species
508. Solea solea
     rank: species
509. Saccopharyngiformes
     rank: order
510. Saccopharyngidae
     rank: family
511. Saccopharynx
     rank: genus
512. Saccopharynx ampullaceus
     rank: species
513. Scorpaeniformes
     rank: order
514. Cottidae
     rank: family
515. Taurulus
     rank: genus
516. Taurulus bubalis
     rank: species
517. Peristediidae
     rank: family
518. Peristedion
     rank: genus
519. Peristedion cataphractum
     rank: species
520. Scorpaenidae
     rank: family
521. Pontinus
     rank: genus
522. Pontinus kuhlii
     rank: species
523. Scorpaena
     rank: genus
524. Scorpaena notata
     rank: species
525. Scorpaena porcus
     rank: species
526. Scorpaena scrofa
     rank: species
527. Sebastidae
     rank: family
528. Helicolenus
     rank: genus
529. Helicolenus dactylopterus
     rank: species
530. Triglidae
     rank: family
531. Chelidonichthys
     rank: genus
532. Chelidonichthys cuculus
     rank: species
533. Chelidonichthys lucerna
     rank: species
534. Chelidonichthys obscurus
     rank: species
535. Eutrigla
     rank: genus
536. Eutrigla gurnardus
     rank: species
537. Lepidotrigla
     rank: genus
538. Lepidotrigla cavillone
     rank: species
539. Trigla
     rank: genus
540. Trigla lyra
     rank: species
541. Trigloporus
     rank: genus
542. Trigloporus lastoviza
     rank: species
543. Stephanoberyciformes
     rank: order
544. Melamphaidae
     rank: family
545. Poromitra
     rank: genus
546. Poromitra capito
     rank: species
547. Stomiiformes
     rank: order
548. Gonostomatidae
     rank: family
549. Cyclothone
     rank: genus
550. Cyclothone braueri
     rank: species
551. Gonostoma
     rank: genus
552. Gonostoma denudatum
     rank: species
553. Sternoptychidae
     rank: family
554. Argyropelecus
     rank: genus
555. Argyropelecus hemigymnus
     rank: species
556. Stomiidae
     rank: family
557. Chauliodus
     rank: genus
558. Chauliodus sloani
     rank: species
559. Syngnathiformes
     rank: order
560. Centriscidae
     rank: family
561. Macroramphosus
     rank: genus
562. Macroramphosus scolopax
     rank: species
563. Syngnathidae
     rank: family
564. Entelurus
     rank: genus
565. Entelurus aequoreus
     rank: species
566. Hippocampus
     rank: genus
567. Hippocampus guttulatus
     rank: species
568. Nerophis
     rank: genus
569. Nerophis ophidion
     rank: species
570. Syngnathus
     rank: genus
571. Syngnathus acus
     rank: species
572. Syngnathus typhle
     rank: species
573. Tetraodontiformes
     rank: order
574. Balistidae
     rank: family
575. Balistes
     rank: genus
576. Balistes capriscus
     rank: species
577. Diodontidae
     rank: family
578. Chilomycterus
     rank: genus
579. Chilomycterus reticulatus
     rank: species
580. Chilomycterus spinosus
     rank: species
581. Diodon
     rank: genus
582. Diodon hystrix
     rank: species
583. Molidae
     rank: family
584. Mola
     rank: genus
585. Mola mola
     rank: species
586. Tetraodontidae
     rank: family
587. Lagocephalus
     rank: genus
588. Lagocephalus lagocephalus
     rank: species
589. Sphoeroides
     rank: genus
590. Sphoeroides spengleri
     rank: species
591. Zeiformes
     rank: order
592. Zeidae
     rank: family
593. Zeus
     rank: genus
594. Zeus faber
     rank: species

The bulk of the specimens were collected at the mouths of the rivers Tagus and Sado, and in the bays of Cascais and Sesimbra, usually within 50 nautical miles of the coast. The collection also features several specimens caught in the Algarve coast, a handful of specimens from the coast north of the Cabo da Roca, and one specimen tentatively identified as being from the Azores.