We’re sorry, but GBIF doesn’t work properly without JavaScript enabled.
Our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site. We suggest you upgrade to a modern browser.
{{nav.loginGreeting}}
  • Get data
      • Occurrences
      • GBIF API
      • Species
      • Datasets
      • Occurrence snapshots
      • Hosted portals
      • Trends
  • How-to
    • Share data

      • Quick-start guide
      • Dataset classes
      • Data hosting
      • Standards
      • Become a publisher
      • Data quality
      • Data papers
    • Use data

      • Featured data use
      • Citation guidelines
      • GBIF citations
      • Citation widget
  • Tools
    • Publishing

      • IPT
      • Data validator
      • GeoPick
      • New data model ⭐️
      • GRSciColl
      • Suggest a dataset
    • Data access and use

      • Hosted portals
      • Scientific collections
      • Data processing
      • Derived datasets
      • rgbif
      • pygbif
      • MAXENT
      • Tools catalogue
    • GBIF labs

      • Species matching
      • Name parser
      • Sequence ID
      • Relative observation trends
      • GBIF data blog
  • Community
    • Network

      • Participant network
      • Nodes
      • Publishers
      • Network contacts
      • Community forum
      • alliance for biodiversity knowledge
    • Volunteers

      • Mentors
      • Ambassadors
      • Translators
      • Citizen scientists
    • Activities

      • Capacity enhancement
      • Programmes & projects
      • Training and learning resources
      • Data Use Club
      • Living Atlases
  • About
    • Inside GBIF

      • What is GBIF?
      • Become a member
      • Governance
      • Strategic framework
      • Work Programme
      • Funders
      • Partnerships
      • Release notes
      • Contacts
    • News & outreach

      • News
      • Newsletters and lists
      • Events
      • Awards
      • Science Review
      • Data use
  • User profile

Flora of Sumatra: Vascular plant collection of selected families deposited at Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)

Dataset homepage

Citation

Nurainas N, Taufiq A, Handika H, Syamsuardi S (2022). Flora of Sumatra: Vascular plant collection of selected families deposited at Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA). Version 1.27. Herbarium of Andalas University. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/sncpxn accessed via GBIF.org on 2023-12-07.

Description

Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) is one of the active herbaria on Sumatra, Indonesia. Currently, the herbarium hosts about 65,000 sheets of herbarium collections, consisting of vascular plants and moss. The main collections are from Sumatra and adjacent islands. The herbarium serves both for research and education. Since 2018, we worked with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to catalog and digitize our collections to improve the accessibility of the specimens. Since then, we have cataloged up to 13,568 of geo-referenced data from 374 species in 85 genera within 15 families of vascular plants. Among all of the families we have cataloged are Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Gesneriaceae, Nepenthaceae, Polygalaceae, Rosaceae, Sapotaceae, Symplocaceae, Pandaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae and Chrysobalanaceae. Among them are 40 species that are endemic to Sumatra. The program is our first step to improve research and education for species on Sumatra.

Purpose

The aim of this project is to digitize the specimens hosted at the Herbarium ANDA, to publish a checklist of the flora of Sumatra, and to promote the database of Sumatran plant diversity.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

The collections hosted at the Herbarium ANDA were from research projects of faculties, foreign researchers, and students at the university. The collecting methods were using the standard collecting method for dried specimens. A few donated specimens were collected based on the collecting method used at the institutions from the specimen originated. The duplicates of the specimens were hosted across several herbarium, such as Bogoriense (BO), Singapore Botanical Garden (SING), and Botanical Garden of Edinburgh (E). The duplicate specimens that have not been sent were hosted at a designated room for duplicate specimens at the Herbarium ANDA. Every year, we add around 200 sheets of new specimens into the herbarium.

Sampling

The collecting method for the dried specimens was referred to published procedures of preparing herbarium materials (Bridson and Forman,1992). The plant materials were collected and pressed in the field then mounted on an A2 paper after the specimens were dried. Before installation into the herbarium cabinets, the specimens were put into plastic bags. Every sheet of specimens was labeled with the standard information for herbarium collections, including taxonomic identification, locality information, geo-references, collector information, and ecological data. For insect control, we freeze the specimens periodically in -20 degrees Celsius freezer for 72 hours. All of the specimens were stored in the herbarium cabinets. The storage rooms were equipped with temperature and humidity control. All of the specimens were in alphabetical orders based on the families, grouped in several groups of plants, such as dicots, monocots, ferns, and mosses.

Quality Control

We divided our working groups into two groups: a) taxonomic determination or identification group and b) data geo-referencing group. For taxonomic determination, the identification was verified by experts on the designated taxa, and also was using book references for the taxa (Ashton, 1982; Van Der Meijden, 1984; Kalkman, 1993; Shaw, 1981). The experts are writers and researchers for the area of studies and have published using the materials at the Herbarium ANDA (Utami, 2006; Hughes, 2009, 2015, Hernawati, 2006). The datum references for each coordinate were collected from the specimen labels using the WGS84 standard. If the coordinate of the locations was not recorded on the labels, we used Google Map to obtain the coordinate based on the locality information of the villages recorded on the labels.

Method steps

  1. The information on the specimen labels is our main data source. For data collection, we conducted in three steps: data capture, data cleaning, and data publication. In the data capture process, we collected all the information on the specimen’s label, and we input the information into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets using Darwin-Core format. In this process, we grouped the specimen information into three groups, consisting of data occurrence, taxon information, and event. We save the file in csv (comma-separated values) format. We included specimen photos and scanning data into the database incorporated in associateMedia field. All the images were stored in flickr-pro media, which then will link with the filed in the dataset. We conducted data cleaning to ensure consistency and standardized data input for the dataset. We used OpenRefine for batch error handling, Canadensys tools for coordinate conversion, and Splink for coordinate verification. To verify the taxonomic nomenclature, we used resolver, iPlant collaborative, ECAT, and Plant list. All the tools we used are open-source software or available as an open online platform. Data publication includes data publishing on GBIF and scientific papers. We published all the dataset that has been cleaned and verified according to our standard on GBIF website using Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) available through the link http://ipt.biologi.lipi.go.id/. After verified by GBIF, all the data will be published under the publisher Herbarium of Andalas University, available through the link https://www.gbif.org/publisher/43f4255c-f218-4a17-857a-ba3ac8456191. The data paper is written following the metadata template available in the IPT. For scientific papers, we will publish the data following the targeted journal format.

Taxonomic Coverages

We have digitized 13,568 sheets of specimens in the group of Magnoliopsida. All of the specimens are in the class Equisetopsida, consisting of 15 families: Fagaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Symplocaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapotaceae, Rosaceae, Nepenthaceae, Polygalaceae, Gesneriaceae, Pandaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae, and Chrysobalanaceae. In total, we have digitized 374 species in 85 genera from all the families. The most digitized genera are in the family Euphorbiaceae. Among all of the species that have been digitized, 76 species are listed in IUCN Redlist database, consisting of Least Concern (38 species), Vulnerable (9 species), Near Threatened (4 species), Critically Endangered (12 species), and Endangered (13 species) (IUCN, 2018). Furthermore, 20 species are listed as protected species under the government regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018). Among all the species that have been digitized, 40 species are endemic to Sumatra.
  1. Balsaminaceae
    common name: Jewelweed rank: family
  2. Begoniaceae
    common name: Begonia rank: family
  3. Chrysobalanaceae
    common name: Maranthes rank: family
  4. Dipterocarpaceae
    common name: Keruing rank: family
  5. Euphorbiaceae
    common name: Cooper leaf rank: family
  6. Fagaceae
    common name: Oak rank: family
  7. Gesneriaceae
    common name: Mapele rank: family
  8. Nepenthaceae
    common name: Pitcher plant rank: family
  9. Pandaceae
    common name: Kayu busih rank: family
  10. Phyllanthaceae
    common name: Andarupis rank: family
  11. Polygalaceae
    common name: Sasapuan rank: family
  12. Putranjivaceae
    common name: Bintang mabas rank: family
  13. Rosaceae
    common name: Rose rank: family
  14. Sapotaceae
    common name: Manatu rank: family
  15. Symplocaceae
    common name: Asiatic sweetleaf rank: family
  16. Acalypha
    common name: Cooper leaf rank: genus
  17. Agrostistachys
    common name: Gelimtum rank: genus
  18. Alchornea
    common name: Khang poi rank: genus
  19. Aleurites
    common name: Bunsangil rank: genus
  20. Anisoptera
    common name: Keruing rank: genus
  21. Baccaurea
    common name: Belembik rank: genus
  22. Baliospermum
    common name: Neruvam rank: genus
  23. Begonia
    common name: Begonia rank: genus
  24. Bischofia
    common name: Java cedar rank: genus
  25. Breynia
    common name: Fart bush rank: genus
  26. Bridelia
    common name: Kanidei rank: genus
  27. Castanopsis
    common name: Malayan chestnut rank: genus
  28. Cephalomappa
    common name: Bantas rank: genus
  29. Chrysophyllum
    common name: Caimito rank: genus
  30. Claoxylon
    common name: Gispang rank: genus
  31. Cleistanthus
    common name: Komuning rank: genus
  32. Cnesmone
    common name: Loti sorot rank: genus
  33. Codiaeum
    common name: Puring rank: genus
  34. Croton
    common name: Balek puteh rank: genus
  35. Cyrtandra
    common name: Mapele rank: genus
  36. Cyrtandromoea
    rank: genus
  37. Didissandra
    common name: Tarom hutan rank: genus
  38. Didymocarpus
    common name: Dwarf chirita rank: genus
  39. Dipterocarpus
    common name: Keruing rank: genus
  40. Drypetes
    common name: Bintang babas rank: genus
  41. Duchesnea
    common name: Indian strawberry rank: genus
  42. Endospermum
    common name: Antah bulan rank: genus
  43. Epithema
    common name: Fleshy epthema rank: genus
  44. Eriobotrya
    common name: Berry rank: genus
  45. Euphorbia
    common name: Fire plant rank: genus
  46. Flueggea
    common name: Patala rank: genus
  47. Ganua
    common name: Ganua rank: genus
  48. Glochidion
    common name: Sakah-sakah rank: genus
  49. Hancea
    common name: Enserai rank: genus
  50. Henckelia
    common name: Bracted stone flower rank: genus
  51. Hevea
    common name: Rubber rank: genus
  52. Homalanthus
    common name: Bangki rank: genus
  53. Homonoia
    common name: Willow leaved water croton rank: genus
  54. Hopea
    common name: Merawan rank: genus
  55. Hura
    common name: Sandbox tree rank: genus
  56. Hydrocera
    common name: Marsh Henna rank: genus
  57. Impatiens
    common name: Jewelweed rank: genus
  58. Jatropa
    common name: Physic nut rank: genus
  59. Lithocarpus
    common name: Tanoak rank: genus
  60. Loxocarpus
    common name: Gesneria rank: genus
  61. Loxonia
    rank: genus
  62. Macaranga
    common name: Mahang rank: genus
  63. Madhuca
    common name: Manatu rank: genus
  64. Mallotus
    common name: Balik angin rank: genus
  65. Manihot
    common name: Cassava rank: genus
  66. Manilkara
    common name: Chikoo rank: genus
  67. Megistostigma
    common name: Megistostigma rank: genus
  68. Mimusops
    common name: Tanjung rank: genus
  69. Monophyllaea
    common name: Tongkat ali rank: genus
  70. Nepenthes
    common name: Pitcher rank: genus
  71. Palaquium
    common name: Nato nasi rank: genus
  72. Paraboea
    rank: genus
  73. Parashorea
    common name: White meranti rank: genus
  74. Payena
    common name: Bee taul rank: genus
  75. Phyllanthus
    common name: Meniran rank: genus
  76. Planchonella
    common name: Nyatoh nangka merah rank: genus
  77. Pleionuma
    rank: genus
  78. Polygala
    common name: Sasapuan rank: genus
  79. Prunus
    common name: Janteli rank: genus
  80. Quercus
    common name: Oak rank: genus
  81. Rhaphiolepis
    common name: Snow maiden rank: genus
  82. Rhynchoglossum
    common name: Malayalam rank: genus
  83. Rhynchotechum
    common name: Assamese rank: genus
  84. Ricinus
    common name: Castor rank: genus
  85. Rosa
    rank: genus
  86. Rubus
    common name: Berete rank: genus
  87. Sauropus
    common name: Katoei rank: genus
  88. Shorea
    common name: Meranti rank: genus
  89. Sorbus
    common name: Berry rank: genus
  90. Streptocarpus
    common name: Beef tongue rank: genus
  91. Suregada
    common name: Suregada rank: genus
  92. Symplocos
    rank: genus
  93. Trigonobalanus
    common name: Trig oak rank: genus
  94. Trigonostemon
    common name: Jingah tulang tiga rank: genus
  95. Vatica
    common name: Meranti rank: genus
  96. Xanthophyllum
    common name: Nyalin rank: genus
  97. Antidesma
    common name: Buah jerawai rank: genus
  98. Aporosa
    common name: Kumpang rank: genus
  99. Galearia
    rank: genus
  100. Maranthes
    common name: Maranthes rank: genus

Geographic Coverages

The specimens hosted at the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) are primarily from Sumatra. With 473,481 km² in size, the island is the sixth biggest island in the world. It is tropical island located at the coordinate 0° 0′ 0″ N, 102° 0′ 0″ E. The specimens hosted at the herbarium were from several provinces, such as West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau, North Sumatra, Aceh, Bengkulu and Lampung. In addition, the herbarium also hosts several specimens from West Java, Selangor Malaysia, and Kagoshima Prefecture Japan. All of these specimens were donated by foreign plant researchers visiting the herbarium. The specimens were also collected from conservation areas on Sumatra, such as the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Siberut National Park, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lurah Berangin Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Forest Park Conservation Area, and Syarif Hasyim Forest Park Conservation Area. All of the collections were collected from wide range of altitudinal elevations and habitats, from lowland tropical forest up to highland forest as well as montane forest on the Bukit Barisan Mountains. In general, the collections were from volcanoes on Sumatra, such as Mt. Sibayak, Mt. Sinabung, Mt. Sorik Merapi, Mt. Pangulubao, Mt. Sibuatan, Mt. Talamau, Mt. Sago, Mt. Marapi, Mt. Singgalang, Mt. Tandikek, Mt. Gadut, Mt. Talang, Mt. Tujuh, Mt. Kerinci, Mt. Pesagi.

Bibliographic Citations

  1. AKHRIADI, P., PRIMALDHI, A. and HAMBALI, M., 2008. Nepenthes naga, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Bukit Barisan of Sumatra. Reinwardtia, 12(5), pp.339-342. -
  2. Ashton, P. S. 1982. Flora Malesiana. Series I-Spermatophyta. Flowering Plants Vol. 9, part 2, Dipterocarpaceae. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague, Boston, London. -
  3. Bridson, D., Forman, L. 1992. The Herbarium Handbook. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd. Great Britain. -
  4. Hernawati and Pitra A. 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. Nepenthes Team and PILI-NGO Movement. Bogor. Indonesia. -
  5. Hughes, M., GIRMANSYAH, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2009. Seven new species of Begonia from Sumatra. Gard. Bull. Singapore, 61, pp.29-44. -
  6. Hughes, M., Girmansyah, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2015. Further discoveries in the ever-expanding genus Begonia (Begoniaceae): fifteen new species from Sumatra. European journal of Taxonomy, (167). -
  7. IUCN. 2018. https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed in Februari 2019. Kalkman, C. (1993). Rosaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 11(2), 227-351. -
  8. Kemetrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018. Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan Satwa yang dilindungi. -
  9. Lee, C.I.C. and Akhriadi, P., 2006. Two new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 51(3), pp.561-568. -
  10. Plant List. 2019. http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed Februari 2019. Shaw, H. A. (1981). the Euphorbiaceae of Sumatra. Kew Bulletin, 239-374. -
  11. Utami, N. 2006. Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae) ednemik di Sumatera dan potensi sebaaga tanaman hias. Biodiversitas. Vol. 7 (2) 2006: 135-138 -
  12. Van Der Meijden, R. (1984). Polygalaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 10(1), 455-539. -

Contacts

Nurainas Nurainas
originator
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
Ahmad Taufiq
originator
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Heru Handika
originator
position: Researcher
Museum of Natural Science and Department Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge
US
Telephone: +12259165691
email: handika.heru@gmail.com
Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
originator
position: Curator
Laboratory of Plant taxonomy, Department of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281374777749
email: anes82@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
metadata author
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Nurainas Nurainas
administrative point of contact
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
What is GBIF? API FAQ Newsletter Privacy Terms and agreements Citation Code of Conduct Acknowledgements
Contact GBIF Secretariat Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
GBIF is a Global Core Biodata Resource