Flora of Sumatra: Vascular plant collection of selected families deposited at Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Citation
Nurainas N, Taufiq A, Handika H, Syamsuardi S (2022). Flora of Sumatra: Vascular plant collection of selected families deposited at Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA). Version 1.27. Herbarium of Andalas University. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/sncpxn accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-12-13.Description
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) is one of the active herbaria on Sumatra, Indonesia. Currently, the herbarium hosts about 65,000 sheets of herbarium collections, consisting of vascular plants and moss. The main collections are from Sumatra and adjacent islands. The herbarium serves both for research and education. Since 2018, we worked with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to catalog and digitize our collections to improve the accessibility of the specimens. Since then, we have cataloged up to 13,568 of geo-referenced data from 374 species in 85 genera within 15 families of vascular plants. Among all of the families we have cataloged are Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fagaceae, Gesneriaceae, Nepenthaceae, Polygalaceae, Rosaceae, Sapotaceae, Symplocaceae, Pandaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae and Chrysobalanaceae. Among them are 40 species that are endemic to Sumatra. The program is our first step to improve research and education for species on Sumatra.Purpose
The aim of this project is to digitize the specimens hosted at the Herbarium ANDA, to publish a checklist of the flora of Sumatra, and to promote the database of Sumatran plant diversity.
Sampling Description
Study Extent
The collections hosted at the Herbarium ANDA were from research projects of faculties, foreign researchers, and students at the university. The collecting methods were using the standard collecting method for dried specimens. A few donated specimens were collected based on the collecting method used at the institutions from the specimen originated. The duplicates of the specimens were hosted across several herbarium, such as Bogoriense (BO), Singapore Botanical Garden (SING), and Botanical Garden of Edinburgh (E). The duplicate specimens that have not been sent were hosted at a designated room for duplicate specimens at the Herbarium ANDA. Every year, we add around 200 sheets of new specimens into the herbarium.Sampling
The collecting method for the dried specimens was referred to published procedures of preparing herbarium materials (Bridson and Forman,1992). The plant materials were collected and pressed in the field then mounted on an A2 paper after the specimens were dried. Before installation into the herbarium cabinets, the specimens were put into plastic bags. Every sheet of specimens was labeled with the standard information for herbarium collections, including taxonomic identification, locality information, geo-references, collector information, and ecological data. For insect control, we freeze the specimens periodically in -20 degrees Celsius freezer for 72 hours. All of the specimens were stored in the herbarium cabinets. The storage rooms were equipped with temperature and humidity control. All of the specimens were in alphabetical orders based on the families, grouped in several groups of plants, such as dicots, monocots, ferns, and mosses.Quality Control
We divided our working groups into two groups: a) taxonomic determination or identification group and b) data geo-referencing group. For taxonomic determination, the identification was verified by experts on the designated taxa, and also was using book references for the taxa (Ashton, 1982; Van Der Meijden, 1984; Kalkman, 1993; Shaw, 1981). The experts are writers and researchers for the area of studies and have published using the materials at the Herbarium ANDA (Utami, 2006; Hughes, 2009, 2015, Hernawati, 2006). The datum references for each coordinate were collected from the specimen labels using the WGS84 standard. If the coordinate of the locations was not recorded on the labels, we used Google Map to obtain the coordinate based on the locality information of the villages recorded on the labels.Method steps
- The information on the specimen labels is our main data source. For data collection, we conducted in three steps: data capture, data cleaning, and data publication. In the data capture process, we collected all the information on the specimen’s label, and we input the information into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets using Darwin-Core format. In this process, we grouped the specimen information into three groups, consisting of data occurrence, taxon information, and event. We save the file in csv (comma-separated values) format. We included specimen photos and scanning data into the database incorporated in associateMedia field. All the images were stored in flickr-pro media, which then will link with the filed in the dataset. We conducted data cleaning to ensure consistency and standardized data input for the dataset. We used OpenRefine for batch error handling, Canadensys tools for coordinate conversion, and Splink for coordinate verification. To verify the taxonomic nomenclature, we used resolver, iPlant collaborative, ECAT, and Plant list. All the tools we used are open-source software or available as an open online platform. Data publication includes data publishing on GBIF and scientific papers. We published all the dataset that has been cleaned and verified according to our standard on GBIF website using Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) available through the link http://ipt.biologi.lipi.go.id/. After verified by GBIF, all the data will be published under the publisher Herbarium of Andalas University, available through the link https://www.gbif.org/publisher/43f4255c-f218-4a17-857a-ba3ac8456191. The data paper is written following the metadata template available in the IPT. For scientific papers, we will publish the data following the targeted journal format.
Taxonomic Coverages
We have digitized 13,568 sheets of specimens in the group of Magnoliopsida. All of the specimens are in the class Equisetopsida, consisting of 15 families: Fagaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Symplocaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapotaceae, Rosaceae, Nepenthaceae, Polygalaceae, Gesneriaceae, Pandaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Putranjivaceae, and Chrysobalanaceae. In total, we have digitized 374 species in 85 genera from all the families. The most digitized genera are in the family Euphorbiaceae.
Among all of the species that have been digitized, 76 species are listed in IUCN Redlist database, consisting of Least Concern (38 species), Vulnerable (9 species), Near Threatened (4 species), Critically Endangered (12 species), and Endangered (13 species) (IUCN, 2018). Furthermore, 20 species are listed as protected species under the government regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018). Among all the species that have been digitized, 40 species are endemic to Sumatra.
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Balsaminaceaecommon name: Jewelweed rank: family
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Begoniaceaecommon name: Begonia rank: family
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Chrysobalanaceaecommon name: Maranthes rank: family
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Dipterocarpaceaecommon name: Keruing rank: family
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Euphorbiaceaecommon name: Cooper leaf rank: family
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Fagaceaecommon name: Oak rank: family
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Gesneriaceaecommon name: Mapele rank: family
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Nepenthaceaecommon name: Pitcher plant rank: family
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Pandaceaecommon name: Kayu busih rank: family
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Phyllanthaceaecommon name: Andarupis rank: family
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Polygalaceaecommon name: Sasapuan rank: family
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Putranjivaceaecommon name: Bintang mabas rank: family
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Rosaceaecommon name: Rose rank: family
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Sapotaceaecommon name: Manatu rank: family
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Symplocaceaecommon name: Asiatic sweetleaf rank: family
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Acalyphacommon name: Cooper leaf rank: genus
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Agrostistachyscommon name: Gelimtum rank: genus
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Alchorneacommon name: Khang poi rank: genus
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Aleuritescommon name: Bunsangil rank: genus
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Anisopteracommon name: Keruing rank: genus
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Baccaureacommon name: Belembik rank: genus
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Baliospermumcommon name: Neruvam rank: genus
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Begoniacommon name: Begonia rank: genus
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Bischofiacommon name: Java cedar rank: genus
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Breyniacommon name: Fart bush rank: genus
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Brideliacommon name: Kanidei rank: genus
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Castanopsiscommon name: Malayan chestnut rank: genus
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Cephalomappacommon name: Bantas rank: genus
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Chrysophyllumcommon name: Caimito rank: genus
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Claoxyloncommon name: Gispang rank: genus
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Cleistanthuscommon name: Komuning rank: genus
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Cnesmonecommon name: Loti sorot rank: genus
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Codiaeumcommon name: Puring rank: genus
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Crotoncommon name: Balek puteh rank: genus
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Cyrtandracommon name: Mapele rank: genus
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Cyrtandromoearank: genus
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Didissandracommon name: Tarom hutan rank: genus
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Didymocarpuscommon name: Dwarf chirita rank: genus
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Dipterocarpuscommon name: Keruing rank: genus
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Drypetescommon name: Bintang babas rank: genus
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Duchesneacommon name: Indian strawberry rank: genus
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Endospermumcommon name: Antah bulan rank: genus
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Epithemacommon name: Fleshy epthema rank: genus
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Eriobotryacommon name: Berry rank: genus
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Euphorbiacommon name: Fire plant rank: genus
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Flueggeacommon name: Patala rank: genus
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Ganuacommon name: Ganua rank: genus
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Glochidioncommon name: Sakah-sakah rank: genus
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Hanceacommon name: Enserai rank: genus
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Henckeliacommon name: Bracted stone flower rank: genus
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Heveacommon name: Rubber rank: genus
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Homalanthuscommon name: Bangki rank: genus
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Homonoiacommon name: Willow leaved water croton rank: genus
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Hopeacommon name: Merawan rank: genus
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Huracommon name: Sandbox tree rank: genus
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Hydroceracommon name: Marsh Henna rank: genus
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Impatienscommon name: Jewelweed rank: genus
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Jatropacommon name: Physic nut rank: genus
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Lithocarpuscommon name: Tanoak rank: genus
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Loxocarpuscommon name: Gesneria rank: genus
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Loxoniarank: genus
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Macarangacommon name: Mahang rank: genus
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Madhucacommon name: Manatu rank: genus
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Mallotuscommon name: Balik angin rank: genus
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Manihotcommon name: Cassava rank: genus
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Manilkaracommon name: Chikoo rank: genus
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Megistostigmacommon name: Megistostigma rank: genus
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Mimusopscommon name: Tanjung rank: genus
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Monophyllaeacommon name: Tongkat ali rank: genus
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Nepenthescommon name: Pitcher rank: genus
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Palaquiumcommon name: Nato nasi rank: genus
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Paraboearank: genus
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Parashoreacommon name: White meranti rank: genus
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Payenacommon name: Bee taul rank: genus
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Phyllanthuscommon name: Meniran rank: genus
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Planchonellacommon name: Nyatoh nangka merah rank: genus
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Pleionumarank: genus
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Polygalacommon name: Sasapuan rank: genus
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Prunuscommon name: Janteli rank: genus
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Quercuscommon name: Oak rank: genus
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Rhaphiolepiscommon name: Snow maiden rank: genus
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Rhynchoglossumcommon name: Malayalam rank: genus
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Rhynchotechumcommon name: Assamese rank: genus
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Ricinuscommon name: Castor rank: genus
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Rosarank: genus
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Rubuscommon name: Berete rank: genus
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Sauropuscommon name: Katoei rank: genus
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Shoreacommon name: Meranti rank: genus
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Sorbuscommon name: Berry rank: genus
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Streptocarpuscommon name: Beef tongue rank: genus
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Suregadacommon name: Suregada rank: genus
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Symplocosrank: genus
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Trigonobalanuscommon name: Trig oak rank: genus
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Trigonostemoncommon name: Jingah tulang tiga rank: genus
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Vaticacommon name: Meranti rank: genus
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Xanthophyllumcommon name: Nyalin rank: genus
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Antidesmacommon name: Buah jerawai rank: genus
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Aporosacommon name: Kumpang rank: genus
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Galeariarank: genus
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Maranthescommon name: Maranthes rank: genus
Geographic Coverages
The specimens hosted at the Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA) are primarily from Sumatra. With 473,481 km² in size, the island is the sixth biggest island in the world. It is tropical island located at the coordinate 0° 0′ 0″ N, 102° 0′ 0″ E. The specimens hosted at the herbarium were from several provinces, such as West Sumatra, Jambi, Riau, North Sumatra, Aceh, Bengkulu and Lampung. In addition, the herbarium also hosts several specimens from West Java, Selangor Malaysia, and Kagoshima Prefecture Japan. All of these specimens were donated by foreign plant researchers visiting the herbarium.
The specimens were also collected from conservation areas on Sumatra, such as the Kerinci Seblat National Park, Siberut National Park, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Lurah Berangin Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Forest Park Conservation Area, and Syarif Hasyim Forest Park Conservation Area. All of the collections were collected from wide range of altitudinal elevations and habitats, from lowland tropical forest up to highland forest as well as montane forest on the Bukit Barisan Mountains. In general, the collections were from volcanoes on Sumatra, such as Mt. Sibayak, Mt. Sinabung, Mt. Sorik Merapi, Mt. Pangulubao, Mt. Sibuatan, Mt. Talamau, Mt. Sago, Mt. Marapi, Mt. Singgalang, Mt. Tandikek, Mt. Gadut, Mt. Talang, Mt. Tujuh, Mt. Kerinci, Mt. Pesagi.
Bibliographic Citations
- AKHRIADI, P., PRIMALDHI, A. and HAMBALI, M., 2008. Nepenthes naga, a new species of Nepenthaceae from Bukit Barisan of Sumatra. Reinwardtia, 12(5), pp.339-342. -
- Ashton, P. S. 1982. Flora Malesiana. Series I-Spermatophyta. Flowering Plants Vol. 9, part 2, Dipterocarpaceae. Martinus Nijhoff. The Hague, Boston, London. -
- Bridson, D., Forman, L. 1992. The Herbarium Handbook. Whitstable Litho Printers Ltd. Great Britain. -
- Hernawati and Pitra A. 2006. A Field Guide to the Nepenthes of Sumatra. Nepenthes Team and PILI-NGO Movement. Bogor. Indonesia. -
- Hughes, M., GIRMANSYAH, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2009. Seven new species of Begonia from Sumatra. Gard. Bull. Singapore, 61, pp.29-44. -
- Hughes, M., Girmansyah, D. and Ardi, W.H., 2015. Further discoveries in the ever-expanding genus Begonia (Begoniaceae): fifteen new species from Sumatra. European journal of Taxonomy, (167). -
- IUCN. 2018. https://www.iucnredlist.org/. Accessed in Februari 2019. Kalkman, C. (1993). Rosaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 11(2), 227-351. -
- Kemetrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Mentri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor P.92/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/8/2018. Tentang Jenis Tumbuhan Satwa yang dilindungi. -
- Lee, C.I.C. and Akhriadi, P., 2006. Two new species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North Sumatra. Blumea-Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 51(3), pp.561-568. -
- Plant List. 2019. http://www.theplantlist.org/. Accessed Februari 2019. Shaw, H. A. (1981). the Euphorbiaceae of Sumatra. Kew Bulletin, 239-374. -
- Utami, N. 2006. Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae) ednemik di Sumatera dan potensi sebaaga tanaman hias. Biodiversitas. Vol. 7 (2) 2006: 135-138 -
- Van Der Meijden, R. (1984). Polygalaceae. Flora Malesiana-Series 1, Spermatophyta, 10(1), 455-539. -
Contacts
Nurainas Nurainasoriginator
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com
Ahmad Taufiq
originator
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Heru Handika
originator
position: Researcher
Museum of Natural Science and Department Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge
US
Telephone: +12259165691
email: handika.heru@gmail.com
Syamsuardi Syamsuardi
originator
position: Curator
Laboratory of Plant taxonomy, Department of Biology, Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281374777749
email: anes82@gmail.com
Ahmad Taufiq
metadata author
position: Data Manager
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281363457262
email: ahmadtaufiq.herb@gmail.com
Nurainas Nurainas
administrative point of contact
position: Head of Herbarium
Herbarium of Andalas University (ANDA)
Limau Manis
Padang
25163
West Sumatra
ID
Telephone: +6281310818597
email: nas_herb@yahoo.com