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Benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of Natural History

Citation

Aldea C, Rosenfeld S, Novoa L, Alcaino S (2020). Benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of Natural History. Version 1.2. Universidad de Magallanes. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/znrbm9 accessed via GBIF.org on 2022-07-07.

Description

An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks has been described in the Pacific coast of Chile towards high latitudes in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make an interesting area for marine research, thus the Strait of Magellan has historically been the area with the greatest research effort within the Province. However, despite the efforts there is no comprehensive and updated list of the diversity of mollusks within the Strait of Magellan up to now. This study consisted of a complete bibliographic review of all available literature that included samples of mollusks in the Strait of Magellan. More than 300 articles were reviewed, covering 200 years of scientific knowledge. There were 2579 records belonging to 412 taxa, of which 347 are valid species. Of the total valid species, 44 (~13%) are considered with doubtful presence in the Strait. This work increases the richness of mollusks of the Strait of Magellan by 228%; it is also the first report that integrates all available diversity studies of the three most speciose classes of benthic mollusk (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora) from the Strait of Magellan.

Sampling Description

Study Extent

One of the most important channels in the Magellanic Province is the Strait of Magellan, where most historical reports of mollusks are focused. This extensive channel connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and is considered the most important one of the province. It is influenced by water masses of the Pacific, Atlantic and Southern Oceans, and it possess several geological characteristics derived from the last glaciation (Antezana 1999).

Sampling

To make the list of mollusks as complete as possible, information was gathered from all the available scientific publications that have sampled or reviewed benthic marine mollusks in the Magellanic Province, from the expedition of the HMS Beagle in the 19th century (King and Broderip 1832) to the present. A total of 323 articles were reviewed, of which 146 contained species within the Magellanic Province. The records and their respective geographical positions were entered into a spreadsheet structured with the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012), adjusted taxonomically according to the MolluscaBase (2019) and the revisions of classification and systematics of gastropods (Bouchet et al. 2017), bivalves (Nevesskaja 2009) and polyplacophorans (Sirenko 2006).

Method steps

  1. The Strait of Magellan was divided into 420 quadrants of 6x6 minutes of latitude and longitude. The records located within this area were analyzed (Fig. 1), taking into account their georeference or approximate location. This analysis was developed using a tools for Google Earth (http://www.earthpoint.us), which transforms XLS extension files (Excel format) to KML (files that contains geographic data). In total, 108 articles provided records for the Strait of Magellan. Dubious records were counted and also the species that were recorded only once in history. Criteria were followed to determine which species records are doubtful: species that were cited once and later questioned in taxonomic revisions or never reported again; species that greatly exceed their distribution limit and do not appear in taxonomic revisions or alpha diversity studies; and species that have a huge geographical discontinuity and are not explained or figured in the article. A new matrix was elaborated with the Darwin Core standard from the database, with presence-absence data of each taxon per quadrant entered as 1 or 0, respectively. The quadrants with no species were removed from the matrix and the species considered doubtful and the taxa with imprecise locations were not included in the matrix. However, these were considered in the quantification of total richness. On the other hand, the records up to or above genus level (registered as "indet." or "sp.") were not considered as valid species for both species richness values and estimation models, except for those in which the author commented that it could be a new species.

Additional info

Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S (2020) Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. ZooKeys 963: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.52234

Taxonomic Coverages

To make the list of mollusks as complete as possible, information was gathered from all the available scientific publications that have sampled or reviewed benthic marine mollusks in the Magellanic Province, from the expedition of the HMS Beagle in the 19th century (King and Broderip 1832) to the present. A total of 323 articles were reviewed, of which 146 contained species within the Magellanic Province. The records and their respective geographical positions were entered into a spreadsheet structured with the Darwin Core Standard (Wieczorek et al. 2012), adjusted taxonomically according to the MolluscaBase (2019) and the revisions of classification and systematics of gastropods (Bouchet et al. 2017), bivalves (Nevesskaja 2009) and polyplacophorans (Sirenko 2006).
  1. Gastropoda
    rank: class
  2. Bivalvia
    rank: class
  3. Polyplacophora
    rank: class
  4. Acanthochitonidae
    rank: family
  5. Callochitonidae
    rank: family
  6. Chitonidae
    rank: family
  7. Hemiarthridae
    rank: family
  8. Ischnochitonidae
    rank: family
  9. Leptochitonidae
    rank: family
  10. Mopaliidae
    rank: family
  11. Seguenzioidea
    rank: superfamily
  12. Acteonidae
    rank: family
  13. Aeolidiidae
    rank: family
  14. Anatomidae
    rank: family
  15. Borsoniidae
    rank: family
  16. Buccinidae
    rank: family
  17. Cadlinidae
    rank: family
  18. Caecidae
    rank: family
  19. Calliostomatidae
    rank: family
  20. Calyptraeidae
    rank: family
  21. Cancellariidae
    rank: family
  22. Capulidae
    rank: family
  23. Chromodorididae
    rank: family
  24. Cimidae
    rank: family
  25. Cochliopidae
    rank: family
  26. Colloniidae
    rank: family
  27. Coryphellidae
    rank: family
  28. Cuthonidae
    rank: family
  29. Cylichnidae
    rank: family
  30. Cymatiidae
    rank: family
  31. Diaphanidae
    rank: family
  32. Discodorididae
    rank: family
  33. Dorididae
    rank: family
  34. Drilliidae
    rank: family
  35. Eatoniellidae
    rank: family
  36. Epitoniidae
    rank: family
  37. Eubranchidae
    rank: family
  38. Facelinidae
    rank: family
  39. Fissurellidae
    rank: family
  40. Goniodorididae
    rank: family
  41. Hydrobiidae
    rank: family
  42. Lepetidae
    rank: family
  43. Limapontiidae
    rank: family
  44. Littorinidae
    rank: family
  45. Lottiidae
    rank: family
  46. Mangeliidae
    rank: family
  47. Mathildidae
    rank: family
  48. Muricidae
    rank: family
  49. Nacellidae
    rank: family
  50. Nassariidae
    rank: family
  51. Naticidae
    rank: family
  52. Newtoniellidae
    rank: family
  53. Onchidiidae
    rank: family
  54. Onchidorididae
    rank: family
  55. Plakobranchidae
    rank: family
  56. Pleurobranchidae
    rank: family
  57. Polyceridae
    rank: family
  58. Pyramidellidae
    rank: family
  59. Raphitomidae
    rank: family
  60. Ringiculidae
    rank: family
  61. Rissoidae
    rank: family
  62. Scissurellidae
    rank: family
  63. Siphonariidae
    rank: family
  64. Tegulidae
    rank: family
  65. Tritoniidae
    rank: family
  66. Trochidae
    rank: family
  67. Turbinidae
    rank: family
  68. Velutinidae
    rank: family
  69. Volutidae
    rank: family
  70. Arcidae
    rank: family
  71. Astartidae
    rank: family
  72. Cardiidae
    rank: family
  73. Carditidae
    rank: family
  74. Condylocardiidae
    rank: family
  75. Cuspidariidae
    rank: family
  76. Cyamiidae
    rank: family
  77. Cyclochlamydidae
    rank: family
  78. Gaimardiidae
    rank: family
  79. Hiatellidae
    rank: family
  80. Lasaeidae
    rank: family
  81. Limidae
    rank: family
  82. Limopsidae
    rank: family
  83. Lucinidae
    rank: family
  84. Lyonsiellidae
    rank: family
  85. Lyonsiidae
    rank: family
  86. Mactridae
    rank: family
  87. Malletiidae
    rank: family
  88. Myidae
    rank: family
  89. Mytilidae
    rank: family
  90. Neilonellidae
    rank: family
  91. Neoleptonidae
    rank: family
  92. Nuculanidae
    rank: family
  93. Nuculidae
    rank: family
  94. Pandoridae
    rank: family
  95. Pectinidae
    rank: family
  96. Pharidae
    rank: family
  97. Philobryidae
    rank: family
  98. Pholadidae
    rank: family
  99. Propeamussiidae
    rank: family
  100. Sareptidae
    rank: family
  101. Siliculidae
    rank: family
  102. Solemyidae
    rank: family
  103. Tellinidae
    rank: family
  104. Teredinidae
    rank: family
  105. Thyasiridae
    rank: family
  106. Tindariidae
    rank: family
  107. Ungulinidae
    rank: family
  108. Veneridae
    rank: family
  109. Yoldiidae
    rank: family

Geographic Coverages

One of the most important channels in the Magellanic Province is the Strait of Magellan, where most historical reports of mollusks are focused. This extensive channel connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and is considered the most important one of the province. It is influenced by water masses of the Pacific, Atlantic and Southern Oceans, and it possess several geological characteristics derived from the last glaciation (Antezana 1999).

Bibliographic Citations

  1. Antezana T (1999) Hydrographic features of Magellan and Fuegian inland passages and adjacent Subantarctic waters. Scientia Marina 63(S1): 23–34. -
  2. Bouchet P, Rocroi J, Hausdorf B, Kaim A, Kano Y, Nützel A, Parkhaev P, Schrödl M Strong E (2017) Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia, 61 (1–2), 1–526. -
  3. King PP, Broderip WJ (1832) Description of the Cirripedia, Conchifera and Mollusca, in a collection formed by the officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between the years 1826 and 1830 in surveying the southern coasts of South America. Zoological Journal 5: 332–349. -
  4. MolluscaBase eds. (2019) MolluscaBase. Accessed at http://www.molluscabase.org on 2019-07-31. -
  5. Nevesskaja L (2009) Principles of systematics and the system of bivalves. Paleontological Journal, 43 (1): 1–11. -
  6. Sirenko BI (2006) New Outlook оn the System of Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus, 65 (1–2): 27–49. -
  7. Wieczorek J, Bloom D, Guralnick R, Blum S, Döring M, Giovanni R, Robertson T, Vieglais D (2012) Darwin Core: An evolving community-developed biodiversity data standard. PloS ONE 7(1): e29715. -

Contacts

Cristian Aldea
originator
position: Academic
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: cristian.aldea@umag.cl
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-6509
Sebastián Rosenfeld
originator
position: Researcher
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: sebastian.rosenfeld@umag.cl
Leslie Novoa
originator
position: Profesional
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
Samuel Alcaino
originator
position: Student
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
Cristian Aldea
metadata author
position: Academic
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: cristian.aldea@umag.cl
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-6509
Cristian Aldea
user
position: Academic
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: cristian.aldea@umag.cl
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-6509
Cristian Aldea
administrative point of contact
position: Academic
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: cristian.aldea@umag.cl
userId: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-6509
Sebastián Rosenfeld
administrative point of contact
position: Researcher
Universidad de Magallanes
Av. Bulnes 01890
Punta Arenas
6200000
Non-US/Non-Canadian
CL
email: sebastian.rosenfeld@umag.cl
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